Dental diseases - caries, stomatitis and periodontal disease in dogs

How often do we hear about oral diseases in dogs? The answer is more often than we would like. Every year, more and more owners turn to veterinary clinics with complaints about various congenital dental pathologies, malocclusions, periodontal diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontal disease, etc.), pulp diseases, neoplasms and other diseases of the oral cavity.

The above ailments usually lead to disastrous consequences, such as deterioration of the teeth, and subsequently their loss.

One of the common diseases is periodontal disease. From the article you will learn the main reasons for its occurrence and development, how periodontal disease differs from periodontitis and how to treat it. And also how to take care of the teeth of a puppy and an adult dog.

Description

Periodontal disease is the degeneration of periodontal tissues, which occurs chronically and is characterized by the opening of the neck and root of the tooth, which causes increased sensitivity of the teeth and deformation of the gums.

To correctly make such a diagnosis, it is necessary to know not only the symptoms of the disease, but also the structure of the periodontium itself.

Periodontium is a group of tissues that support a tooth. These include: gum, tooth ligament, tooth root cement, bone plate.

How to treat periodontal disease with folk remedies?

Treatment of dental periodontal disease with folk remedies will not bring results. No rinses or decoctions can cope with bone tissue degeneration. And following advice from articles on the Internet that recommend using hydrogen peroxide or other chemicals to eliminate periodontal disease is not only pointless, but also dangerous to your health. It is important to understand in time that this is a serious disease that requires qualified assistance from a periodontist, and to seek treatment for periodontal disease at the dentist.

Causes

Nutrition. One of the main causes of periodontal disease is an incorrectly composed diet that lacks solid food. Due to the lack of natural mechanical cleaning, plaque forms on the teeth.

Bacteria. The reproduction of these single-celled microorganisms in the oral cavity, together with food debris, forms plaque on the tooth enamel, which subsequently turns into stone.

Autoimmune and infectious diseases. These diseases lead to a weakening of the immune system, which has a beneficial effect on the proliferation of bacteria in the oral cavity.

Vitamin deficiencies. Due to a lack of vitamins B, A, K and some macroelements (calcium, phosphorus, sodium), the dog’s general condition worsens, including bleeding gums, loose teeth, destruction of enamel, etc.

There is no inflammation with periodontal disease

When does the so-called periodontal disease, there is no inflammatory process in the gums. The clinical picture of “periodontal disease” differs sharply from periodontitis; it is with periodontitis of the tooth that inflammation occurs.

And injections into the gums, endless restorations of the necks of the gums - this is running in circles. Over time, again all the restoration fillings are chipped, and again these patients come to have these fillings restored again. And this happens endlessly

:

And the diagnosis of “periodontal disease” does not go away. As Desna ran away, she continues to leave. The fillings increase, that is, the teeth increase in size, because the gums sag more and more, and nothing useful happens.

When such a patient gets an appointment with me, unwinding his entire tangle of ordeals during the consultation, it becomes clear that all previously performed gum treatment consists of 3
factors:

• Lost time,
• lost money
• shattered hopes.

The diagnosis was incorrect and the treatment was appropriate for the incorrect diagnosis. What went wrong?

Patients should always go for a consultation with such a diagnosis... to an orthodontist

.
Because periodontal disease is an occlusal injury
.

What I see in these patients with signs of periodontal disease is a completely different diagnosis. This is an occlusal injury that can only be corrected by an orthodontist.

Stages of development

The development of periodontal disease is a rather long process that occurs in several stages.

The process of development of periodontal disease begins with bacteria, which, together with food debris, form primary plaque.

Due to the lack of natural mechanical cleaning of teeth with rough food or cleaning with a toothbrush, plaque along with food mineralizes and hardens, thus forming tartar.

Bacteria settle and multiply on tartar and under the gums, which can subsequently cause gingivitis. After some time, bacteria and microorganisms penetrate into the deeper layers of the periodontium, which leads to the destruction of the dental alveoli.

The teeth begin to wobble and subsequently fall out.

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums.

Prices for dental services for dogs

APPOINTMENT AT THE CLINIC

HOME CALL

Symptoms of periodontal disease

The symptoms of periodontal disease are not bright enough for a quick diagnosis at home, so you need to consult a veterinarian. Among them:

• persistent unpleasant (sometimes putrid) odor from the mouth (this symptom is not typical and can occur with many other diseases);
• severe drooling;
• at the beginning of the disease, redness of the gums near the teeth (later the gums become pale);
• white-gray deposits around teeth;
• yellowing of enamel;
• slow receding gums (first the neck is visible, then the root);
• at a later stage, periodontal (gum) pockets appear.

To accurately confirm the diagnosis, consultation with a specialist is necessary.

Treating a dog at home

To rid your pet of periodontal disease and alleviate its condition, you will need to not only seek professional help in time, but also carry out treatment at home.

Regular irrigation of the mucous membranes of the animal’s oral cavity with a solution of Miramistin or Chlorhexidine will help increase the effectiveness of therapy. These agents are capable of destroying many types of pathogenic bacteria, which provoke inflammatory processes.

In addition, you can also use folk remedies by preparing a decoction of calendula or sage and injecting it into your pet’s mouth using a syringe or a spray bottle. It is also permissible to lubricate the affected areas with propolis, furatsilin or iodine-glycerin.

Attention! These measures will not help get rid of periodontal disease if proper treatment has not been carried out in a veterinary clinic. Folk remedies and antiseptic solutions can only have a auxiliary effect and speed up the pet’s recovery.

The difference between periodontal disease and periodontitis

Many owners who are just faced with problems in the oral cavity cannot understand the difference between periodontal disease and periodontitis. Their situation is aggravated by some resources with false information, where they usually “pass off” periodontitis as periodontal disease. Let's look at the differences between these two seemingly similar diseases.

Always treat gum problems

When a patient comes to the doctor, he complains about something. What symptoms does he see a doctor with before receiving a diagnosis of periodontal disease? What worries him?

Literally, patients tell the doctor this: my gums have sagged, my gums have become exposed, my lower gums have receded. And for some reason the symptom of gum subsidence automatically means that the patient has the so-called. periodontal disease.

More experienced patients, who have already heard a lot of professional terms, who delve into the professional colloquial language of doctors, say this: “The necks of the teeth have become exposed a little, the teeth have become a little higher.” But, according to statistics, most patients complain about sagging gums.

And so, when patients come to the doctor with complaints about the problem of exposed tooth necks, the doctor diagnoses them with periodontal disease. Of course, he begins to treat them. And to treat it specifically for periodontal disease.

But time passes, money also goes away, and the question of why the gums recede and the necks of the teeth become exposed, why the gums recede, has not been resolved. And the patient still has periodontal disease.

Treatment

What to do first

If the owner notices the first manifestations of periodontal disease, then he should urgently seek qualified help from a specialist to confirm the disease and determine the stage of neglect. It is not recommended to make hasty conclusions and make a diagnosis on your own, without the help of a specialist!

Self-treatment of periodontal disease without confirming the diagnosis can lead to tooth loss.

Diagnostics

First, the doctor examines the animal’s oral cavity. Based on the examination and medical history collected from the owner, the veterinarian narrows down the range of possible diseases. After diagnosis, the clinic performs x-rays to determine the stage of bone tissue destruction. After determining the stage, individual treatment is prescribed.

Treatment by a veterinarian

Treatment is prescribed by a doctor after determining the stage of the disease.

The initial stage is light tartar, without damage to bone tissue. At this stage, you can resort to ultrasonic cleaning and the administration of medications, namely antibiotics for prophylactic purposes (to get rid of microorganisms in the oral cavity).

Advanced stage – damage to bone tissue; in most cases, the tooth cannot be saved. In this situation, treatment is carried out comprehensively:

• cure caries, which in most cases develops on the neck of the tooth.
• remove tartar.
• drug treatment (drugs: antibiotics - prescribed by a specialist; tablets - imudon, dekaris, nerobol, pentoxyl; ointments and gels).
• surgical intervention.

Without antibiotics, sepsis may develop, from which the animal will die.

After visiting a doctor, it is necessary to continue treatment at home - treat the dog’s gums with ointments or irrigate with herbal decoctions (calendula, chamomile, sage), Rotokan.

It is difficult to cure periodontal disease in an advanced stage, but favorable results can be achieved.

Symptoms of the disease

Statistical studies have shown that in most cases, periodontal inflammation occurs in those individuals whose diet contains absolutely no solid food. Thus, the animal is deprived of the opportunity to brush its teeth on its own. It is important to understand that pets with progressive oral pathology live much shorter lives than their healthy counterparts. Therefore, the owner should pay attention to regular inspection of the mouth of his four-legged friend. The main symptoms of periodontal disease in dogs include:

• unpleasant, “heavy” odor from the mouth;
• red and inflamed gums can be clearly seen;
• If you press on the gum with your finger, even lightly, the dog will whine or try to bite. This indicates the depth of penetration of bacteria and the associated pain;
• excessive salivation, due to bleeding it can acquire a pink tint;
• partial or complete refusal of food due to painful sensations when chewing it;
• teeth become loose and, in the final stages, fall out;
• the dog's facial muscles become swollen;
• in particularly severe cases, additional fistula formation is possible.

Vivid symptoms of periodontal disease will enable an attentive owner to quickly determine that his dog is sick. After which the animal must be immediately taken to a veterinary clinic. There he will be examined, tests will be taken and an X-ray of the jaw will be taken to check for the onset of bone tissue damage.

Prevention

The treatment process takes quite a long time and is painful for the animal. Therefore, as we know, the best treatment for a disease is its prevention.

To prevent the occurrence of periodontal disease, it is necessary to observe simple hygienic manipulations in the pet’s oral cavity. You should brush your animal’s teeth on a regular basis; for this you need to purchase a special brush at a pet store; for complete protection, you need to brush with special pastes.

If the animal is difficult to clean, then you can use an alternative option that is more convenient for the owner - dog bones, they can be bought at any pet store. Their big advantage is the natural mechanical cleaning of teeth and their strengthening.

Much attention should be paid to nutrition. The right food will ensure a healthy mouth and body as a whole.

Immediate treatment of gingivitis, which contributes to the accumulation of microorganisms and the subsequent development of periodontal disease. Removing plaque and stone at its first appearance. Check the condition of your dog's teeth and gums on a regular basis.

Treatment of periodontal disease: when tooth extraction is required

If periodontal disease is suspected in dogs, specialists conduct an X-ray examination of the condition of the roots, teeth and jaw bones, after which the necessary therapy is prescribed. Methods of treating an animal depend on the stage of the disease.

If it was possible to recognize the disease at the initial stage, when the destructive process did not affect the bones, the following measures will be sufficient:

• ultrasonic teeth cleaning to remove plaque and stone;
• antibacterial therapy to relieve inflammation.

In the first stages of periodontal disease, ultrasonic teeth cleaning is used.
The disease in the second and third stages requires more serious treatment, which includes the following measures:

• injections of antibacterial drugs, including into the gums and root canals;
• cleaning dental tissue from deposits;
• filling the affected areas.

If the disease is advanced, all teeth that cannot be saved are removed, the pus is removed, and dead tissue is excised. This measure is necessary to ensure that the destructive process does not spread to those “fangs” that can still be cured using conservative methods. In addition, high doses of antibacterial drugs will be required to prevent sepsis.

It is extremely difficult to cure an advanced disease in dogs, and often the consequences of the owners’ negligence are the loss of most of the teeth and disruptions in the functioning of a number of organs and systems of the animal.

There is no universal cure for periodontal disease, and drugs are selected individually depending on the complexity of the disease, as well as the age and condition of the animal. Therefore, you cannot prescribe any medications to your pet on your own and try to treat it at home, this will only complicate the situation and cause the dog unnecessary suffering.

It is very important to catch periodontal disease at the initial stage, only in this case it can be cured.

Dental care

Caring for your puppy's teeth

Puppies up to 4 months of age still have milk teeth and do not require special care. In order for the puppy’s jaw to form correctly and without defects, it is necessary to give him raw meat, bones and other foods that need to be chewed. In addition to food, you can give your puppy a toy that he can chew on.

Dental care during the transition period

The transition period lasts on average two months, from the 4th to the 6th. During this period, baby teeth are replaced by permanent ones. Usually this period passes unnoticed by the owner; during this time it is necessary to regularly examine the oral cavity, give raw meat and special bones.

It is especially important to carefully monitor the change of teeth in dogs of dwarf breeds, since new ones may erupt without the old ones falling out, which leads to the formation of a second row. In this case, you should immediately contact your veterinarian.

Caring for permanent teeth in dogs

Dental care for dogs is just as important as for humans. Therefore, in order to avoid unpleasant consequences in the form of plaque, stone, and unpleasant odor, it is necessary to monitor nutrition and oral hygiene.

It is necessary to purchase special oral care products - a brush and toothpaste for dogs. It is necessary to accustom your dog to brushing gradually, over several days or a week. The first cleaning is carried out with a finger dipped in meat broth, the movements are smooth and slow.

Subsequent cleanings can be carried out with a finger wrapped in gauze, also soaked in meat broth. When the dog gets used to such manipulations, you can resort to brushing your teeth with a brush and paste with meat or fish flavor.

Prevention and treatment of dental and gum diseases in dogs

Did you know that small pets (dogs and cats) suffer from oral diseases, including dental diseases, just like people? The task of a veterinary dentist is, first of all, to help maintain healthy teeth and gums of our pets, and only when pathologies appear to cure the patient as effectively as possible.

In recent years in Russia, the range of services provided in veterinary dentistry has expanded significantly, but their quality is often still low. However, the interest of veterinarians in dentistry in our country is growing, which allows this science to develop rapidly. Until recently, any tooth with signs of inflammation was subject to merciless removal, but today we have the opportunity in many cases to save it by subjecting it to treatment. As in humane dentistry, the treatment process can be carried out in one or several stages, sometimes taking a rather long period of time.

Veterinary dentistry is a science that studies diseases of the oral cavity of animals, methods of their diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This science is based on knowledge of the anatomical and topographical structure of the oral cavity and the physiological processes occurring in it.

In the first place in the spread of oral diseases are small and decorative breeds of dogs (up to 85%), medium-sized breeds are slightly less likely to suffer (up to 70%), and in large breeds diseases of this group reach 50% of the total number of patients. The following dog breeds are most predisposed to dental diseases: toy terriers, Yorkshire terriers, chihuahuas, cocker spaniels, small and miniature poodles, Pekingese, lapdogs, and dachshunds. Among the cats are British, Persian, Cornish Rex, Sphynx.

Unfortunately, many dog ​​and cat owners have no idea that they need to take care of their pet’s oral cavity. There are even curious cases: only at a doctor’s appointment do people learn that in animals there is a process of changing teeth from milk teeth to permanent ones.

Visits to the veterinary dentist should begin as soon as teeth change. In most cases, this process does not cause any concern and occurs unnoticed. But in small and decorative breeds of dogs, false polydontia is common - non-loss of milk teeth with a fully formed arcade of permanent ones. More often this happens with canines, sometimes with incisors and premolars. Lost baby teeth can cause malocclusion and require timely removal. Multi-teeth also causes the teeth to fit closely together. There is a retention of food debris between the teeth and, as a result, the formation of dental plaque and tartar, the development of diseases of the gums and teeth themselves, and the risk of fistulas in the jaw increases.

Removal of baby teeth must be carried out in a veterinary clinic and only under general anesthesia. Often, owners, fearing general anesthesia, entrust their pets to “specialists” who promise to carry out the procedure without general anesthesia, at home. As a rule, these people only break off the crowns of baby teeth without removing the roots. After such manipulations, patients are brought to the surgeon’s table to remove protruding fragments of teeth, with an already developed inflammatory process of the gum mucosa.

It is important to know that baby teeth, especially canines, have rather long roots and their removal without anesthesia is painful. Therefore, the procedure requires rigid fixation of the patient. If such manipulation is performed on a miniature dog, complications such as dislocations and even fractures of the jaws, limbs, and painful shock are possible. Therefore, the use of short-term general anesthesia for this operation is less dangerous than prolonged and painful fixation of the animal.

Owners of middle-aged and older dogs and cats if their pets develop bad breath, drooling, difficulty eating, swelling on the face (especially in the infraorbital area), discoloration of teeth, as well as any injuries, should contact a veterinarian for thorough dental examination. In some cases (aggressive animals, painful procedures, concern for the patient’s psyche), even a detailed examination and examination of the patient’s oral cavity can only be carried out using sedatives.

When examining a patient with an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity, tartar is usually detected. It is a dense structure of brown or gray-green color and forms on the enamel of teeth. Bacteria living in the mouth, in the process of their life activity, secrete mineral, insoluble compounds that settle on the surface of the tooth and, layering on each other, form tartar. The factor contributing to the formation of this pathology is, first of all, the breed's predisposition, as well as feeding using finely divided feed (porridge, crackers, cottage cheese), and a free (non-portioned) diet. All this leads to chronic clogging of the oral cavity with feed particles, which are a substrate for the growth and reproduction of bacteria. In the oral cavity, pH changes, which in turn leads to a change in the structure of the bacterial flora from conditionally pathogenic to pathogenic. Plaque forms, and then tartar, and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity can develop. In advanced cases, the infection can penetrate deeper tissues and even the bones of the skull, causing osteomyelitis and sepsis.

There are supragingival (supragingival) and subgingival (subgingival) tartar. Being above the gums and in contact with them, the stone causes inflammation of the gums - gingivitis. The supragingival stone is rough to the touch, so when it touches the mucous membrane of the cheeks, lips and tongue, it causes mechanical trauma to these structures of the oral cavity. The animal begins to have purulent or ulcerative stomatitis, often causing a complete or partial refusal to eat its usual food. Subgingival stone is located under the gums, it is not so noticeable, but it irritates the gums, supports the proliferation of bacteria and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity and is one of the main causes of periodontitis, periodontal disease, and contributes to the formation of granulomas, fistulas, and abscesses.

Excessive formation of tartar leads to exposure of the necks of the teeth, then loosening, and subsequently to tooth loss. Some animals have so much stone that it lies monolithically on several teeth at the same time. In such patients, when tartar is removed, the teeth may fall out on their own, since they were held on to it like an orthodontic bridge.

Treatment is aimed at removing tartar and plaque. It is mandatory to remove non-viable and pathologically mobile teeth; if necessary, antibacterial therapy of the oral mucosa is carried out.

There are two ways to remove tartar: mechanical and ultrasonic. When using only the first method, the stone simply chips away from the enamel. This process is very traumatic for the gums and teeth of patients. Complete removal of tartar cannot be achieved with this manipulation, and its reappearance occurs quite quickly.

Complete and detailed removal of tartar can only be achieved using special dental equipment and only under general anesthesia (without anesthesia, reliable fixation of the animal is impossible, which can cause injury). An ultrasonic device (scaler) causes less damage to the enamel of teeth and gums, and removes subgingival stone more thoroughly. But even when working with a scaler, serious injuries can be caused to the patient’s teeth if the technique of working with the device is incorrect or the specialist lacks sufficient knowledge. Many doctors mistakenly believe that it is enough to simply buy a scaler, and you can remove tartar correctly and painlessly. However, this is not so: it is important to know how to choose the right attachment, at what angle and which side to apply it to the enamel, to know the exposure and degree of force applied by the scaler to the tooth. In some cases, this type of tartar removal can do more harm than good. Thoughtless, inept use of this device can lead to the development of such complications in the animal as acute pulpitis (often with the development of pain), mechanical injuries to the enamel (cracks, chips), which subsequently lead to the development of caries.

The final stage is polishing the teeth with special attachments using dental pastes, because... On a polished tooth, stone forms more slowly. Grinding teeth also requires certain skills and knowledge from the dentist.

In small domestic animals, caries is much less common than in people, but caries still occurs. Caries is a violation of the mineralization of tooth enamel caused by the activity of oral bacteria. Contrary to popular belief, carious teeth (unfortunately not all) can and should be treated. For this pathology, a filling is installed, for deep caries - with depulpation. The earlier caries is detected in an animal, the higher the chance of saving the tooth. Therefore, it is important to visit a veterinary dentist once a year, even if there are no complaints.

In cats, especially over 5 years of age, odontoclastic resorptive dental disease (ORDD) occurs - a disease in which uncontrolled resorption (destruction) of the crowns and roots of teeth occurs, ultimately leading to complete tooth loss. In this case, the tooth does not fall out, but the crown part breaks off, leaving the root or its fragments in the jaw. The causes of this disease are unknown, but there is research showing that cats affected by ARPD experience severe pain. There is no conservative treatment; it is important to promptly and correctly remove the tooth with areas of resorption.

In young dogs, especially those picked up on the street or taken from a shelter, systemic hypoplasia (underdevelopment) of tooth tissue (most often enamel) occurs. The disease occurs when metabolic processes in the tooth buds are disrupted under the influence of disturbances in mineral and protein metabolism in the body (in the prenatal and neonatal period). Hypoplasia of baby teeth, which form during the prenatal period, is caused by disorders in the mother’s body during pregnancy (viral infections, severe poisoning, etc.). Hypoplasia of permanent teeth develops under the influence of various diseases (rickets, tetany, acute infectious diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, toxic dyspepsia, nutritional dystrophy, brain disorders) that arose during the period of formation and mineralization of these teeth, that is, in the period from 2 weeks to 6 months. The severity of hypoplasia depends on the severity of the disease. A weak degree of enamel underdevelopment manifests itself in the form of spots, often white, less often yellowish in color, with clear boundaries and the same size. A more severe form of enamel hypoplasia is its underdevelopment, which manifests itself in different ways (wavy, dotted, grooved enamel). Indentations or grooves are found on the surface of the enamel. The most rare form of hypoplasia is its absence (aplasia) in a certain area. The dentin and pulp of the tooth are often affected.

Systemic hypoplasia is an incurable disease, but it is possible to stop the progression of the disease leading to complete loss of teeth. To achieve this, crown restoration is performed using light polymerization fillings, glass ionomer cement, and deep fluoridation of teeth.

Periodontitis is inflammation of periodontal tissue. Periodontium is a complex of tissues surrounding the tooth and having close genetic, morphological, and functional connections. It includes the gums, alveolar bone tissue, periodontium, and root cement. Periodontitis is characterized by the progressive destruction of periodontal tissue and bone. When the integrity of the dentogingival junction is violated, a pathological periodontal pocket is formed; if it extends beyond the gums, a periodontal pocket is formed. All this can lead to the development of abscesses, fistulas in the oral cavity, and tooth loss. The development of this disease is facilitated by the presence of tartar in the animal. The treatment of periodontitis is competent sanitation of the oral cavity - removal of non-viable teeth, removal of dental plaque, opening of abscesses, cleaning and curettage of periodontal pockets, antibacterial therapy is mandatory.

Quite often in dogs, pulpitis occurs - inflammation of the pulp (the living part of the tooth where the blood vessels and nerves are located). This disease is characterized by a change in the color of the enamel. Treatment of pulpitis is pulpotomy (partial removal of the pulp) or pulpectomy (complete removal of the pulp), followed by filling the cavity of the crown and canal of the tooth.

In older animals, neoplasms of the oral cavity are common, and in cats the percentage of malignancy is much higher than in dogs. Often the clinical signs of a periodontal abscess and a neoplasm of the oral or nasal cavity are similar, so it is important to make a correct diagnosis; histological examination of the biopsy material is used for this purpose.

In large dogs and sometimes in cats, fractures (chips) of the crowns of teeth occur. Such teeth can often be saved from removal if you consult a dentist in a timely manner. In this case, tooth canals are filled.

It should be noted that after sanitation of the oral cavity, active prevention of dental diseases is necessary, which includes several points: 1. Regular (1-2 times a week, for some animals - every day) brushing your pet’s teeth using special brushes and pastes with for the purpose of removing soft plaque. Gum massage. 2. Refusal of finely divided feeds in favor of coarsely divided feeds. 3. Accustoming the animal to the use of industrial specially processed solid treats (vein bones, pig ears, special sticks for small breeds, etc.) in moderate quantities. 4. Exclusion of sweet and fatty foods from the animal diet. 5. Regular visits to the veterinary dentist.

And most importantly: it is necessary to accustom a young animal to routine dental care at home from childhood. The owner must be able to freely examine the oral cavity of his pet and carry out all the necessary manipulations with it. The learning process is gradual. First, we simply lift the animal’s lips. The next stage is to teach him to calmly tolerate touching his gums. Then you can wrap a bandage or a soft cloth around your finger and brush your teeth, and then with a special brush and paste. Home care should become one of the components of a comprehensive program. The main goal of care is to remove plaque before it turns into tartar.

Our clinic is attended by a veterinary dentist. We offer services in the following areas of dentistry:

• periodontology, i.e. treatment of periodontitis, gingivitis (in this case, the removal of tartar is carried out using an ultrasonic scaler followed by grinding of the tooth enamel),
• splinting of incisal teeth in dogs
• surgery - removal of persistent (not fallen out) milk teeth, removal of permanent teeth of any degree of complexity (including removal of dystopic teeth, tooth fragments, teeth with acute respiratory disease)
• endodontics is the treatment of teeth for caries, pulpitis, fractures (chips) of teeth with the installation of light polymerization fillings, including filling of root canals with depulpation
• treatment of systemic enamel hypoplasia - restoration of crowns using light polymerization fillings, glass ionomer cement, deep fluoridation of teeth
• dental radiography – the clinic has a Kodak dental X-ray machine. X-rays are performed during endodontic dental treatment, in patients with ARPD, with complex tooth extractions, severe periodontitis, and it is possible to determine the cause of missing teeth (adontia) in breeding dogs.

Our clinic is attended by a veterinary dentist.

We offer services in the following areas of dentistry:

• aradontology, i.e. treatment of periodontitis, gingivitis (in this case, removal of tartar is carried out using an ultrasonic scaler followed by grinding of tooth enamel), splinting of incisal teeth in dogs
• surgery - removal of persistent (not fallen out) milk teeth, removal of permanent teeth of any degree of complexity (including removal of dystopic teeth, tooth fragments, teeth with acute respiratory disease)
• endodontics is the treatment of teeth for caries, pulpitis, fractures (chips) of teeth with the installation of light polymerization fillings, including filling of root canals with depulpation
• therapy - treatment of systemic enamel hypoplasia, restoration of crowns using light polymerization fillings, glass ionomer cement, deep fluoridation of teeth.
• orthodontics - bite correction (for medical reasons),
• orthopedics - prosthetics and implantation.
• dental radiography – the clinic has a Kodak dental X-ray machine. X-rays are performed during endodontic dental treatment, in patients with ARPD, with complex tooth extractions, severe periodontitis, and it is possible to determine the cause of missing teeth (adontia) in breeding dogs.

Briefly about the main thing

1. Periodontal disease is a non-inflammatory disease of periodontal tissue.
2. The main cause of the disease is the appearance of bacteria due to tartar.
3. Periodontal disease and periodontitis are different diseases and, accordingly, require different treatments.
4. The treatment is complex, prescribed only by a doctor.
5. With improper treatment or lack thereof, sepsis can develop, which can lead to death.
6. All dogs are at risk, but Chihuahuas are most susceptible.
7. With proper dental care, disease can be prevented.

Why do gums recede with crowns and veneers?

Veneers or crowns also sometimes cause gum recession.
The issue may be the quality of the restorations themselves. For example, if the edge of the prosthesis adjacent to the mucous membrane is more massive than necessary and literally does not fit under the gum. Normally, veneers and crowns are created with a beveled edge, that is, they are thinner in the area adjacent to the gum. It also plays a role how carefully the orthopedist worked and polished the edge of the restoration near the mucosa, and whether he removed the remnants of the fixing cement. The slightest roughness near the neck of the tooth can irritate the soft tissues.

And, of course, the problem arises due to improper care of veneers and crowns: aggressive cleaning with a hard brush or the use of dental floss, which is prohibited after restoration. In addition to the fact that the thread causes cuts to the mucous membrane, it can get caught on the veneer and partially peel it off from the tooth. Then its open edge can injure the gums.