The origin of the dachshund - the story about the dachshund, how the breed was developed, how the dachshunds appeared, the homeland of the dog

You can buy a puppy without documents and with documents. But if you are planning to purchase a purebred pet to participate in exhibitions and breeding, you need a pet with a pedigree. If we are talking about a small puppy, it is difficult to determine by appearance how successfully he will participate in exhibitions. Even the most experienced breeder will not give you guarantees. However, learning to “read” a pedigree and select the right litter will increase your chances of success.

Types of markers and application techniques

Before branding puppies, you should decide on the device for applying it. There are two ways - using a tattoo machine and branding tongs. Both options have positive and negative properties.

Mechanical forceps resemble scissors in appearance. A set of letters and numbers, which are equipped with needles, is purchased separately. They are used to apply a tattoo. The advantage of this method is that branding occurs with one press of the tongs. It's quite quick and painless. Next, paint penetrates into the punctures.

The tattoo machine comes in three varieties:

• rotary kleimator;
• induction machine;
• pen.

The most popular option is the rotary claymator. It is a small machine that fits in the palm of your hand and makes virtually no sounds. This minimizes the risk of scaring your pet. Suitable for both large breeds of dogs (German Shepherd, Labrador) and small ones (Yorkie, Chihuahua, Spitz).

The induction machine is less popular, but it also has an undeniable advantage - the code is clearly visible for a long period, which avoids repeated branding.

The branding pen looks like a writing pen, it is easy to use, silent, lightweight, and suitable for applying a code to small dogs.

Everyone chooses for themselves how to brand a puppy and the most convenient tool for this.

Types of claymators

Division of pedigrees into groups

Group A

. It is the so-called full type pedigree. In the pedigrees of this group, all the puppy's ancestors of the five previous generations are indicated.

Group B

. The pedigrees of this group contain information only about the puppy's parents.

Group C

. These pedigrees are also called registry pedigrees, since they contain a minimum of information about the dog - its name, breed, owner’s name.

Depending on which pedigree group the puppy you intend to buy belongs to, you can find out a different amount of information about your future pet. The most detailed is the full type pedigree (group A). From it you will find out the pedigree number, all data about the dog, that is, breed, type (otherwise sex), nickname, color, date of birth, identification number or microchip number, as well as information about the breeder and owner of the dog at the moment ( last name, first name, patronymic, home address).

In addition to this information, from the full type pedigree you can obtain comprehensive information about the family tree of the puppy’s father and mother up to the fifth generation, about their victories at exhibitions and data about their health.

What information is contained in a dog's pedigree?

Pedigrees that are recognized by the FCI contain a minimum of 3 generations of ancestors. This is a kind of family tree, which confirms that the puppy’s ancestors (in three generations) belonged to the same breed.

After examination, the expert can put a stamp “not for breeding use” on the pedigree if the puppy does not meet the standard (missing teeth, incorrect bite, non-standard color, kinked tail, etc.)

Failure to meet the standard is not a death sentence for a puppy. He may be a wonderful pet, but he won't be a show star or a proud parent. But the dog should not bear signs of genetic deformity that is incompatible with health and vital functions. In case of unacceptable deviations and deformities, neither a puppy card nor a pedigree will be issued.

Puppy metrics (puppy card, “puppy”)

Not knowing what documents the dog should have, they start by filling out the registration certificate. It can be compared with a person’s birth certificate; there is almost the same data, but the following is also indicated:

• name and number of the certificate of origin of the dog’s parents (pedigree);
• information about the breeder and owner of the dog.

Form No. 1

The card consists of a main part and a detachable part (it remains with the owner after transferring the metric to RKF or SKOR to obtain a pedigree).

The document bears the RKF seal. If it is not there, it is considered invalid. “Puppy” is issued even if the puppy is born with defects. A record about the presence of such is created in the column provided for this. A mature dog must have a pedigree drawn up.

Important! The presence of a puppy's certificate does not give the right to organize mating and subsequent recognition of offspring born from a dog with only a card as purebred. Most likely, such puppies will not be able to participate in exhibitions.

Dachshunds' nature is to hunt.

The dachshund is an amazing breed that has passed through several centuries and has changed little during this time. She remained the same fearless hunter, devoted to her owner. Her mind is sharp and her behavior unpredictable. Many stories and fables have been written about the humor of such people, books have been written, films have been made. Although in the process of evolution the decorative direction of the breed was formed, it still retains the working qualities of a hunter to a greater or lesser extent for each individual. This is extremely valuable for a dog that is considered a hunting dog from the very beginning.

We can only hope that the decorative direction will not prevail. If during selection, attention in breeding work is paid only to the exterior, and not to working qualities, it makes no sense to demand that the pet be courageous, courageous and courageous. To obtain a hunting dog, it is necessary to have working parents in its pedigree.

List of documents for taking a dog abroad

The main document that is asked from animal owners when crossing the border correctly is Certificate in Form No. 1. It is issued by the State Veterinary Service on the basis of:

• veterinary passport;
• dog breeder's passports;
• providing the dog for inspection by service employees;
• evidence of the presence of a chip in the animal.

Important! The certificate allows you to transport any animal in public land or air transport. In addition to Form No. 1, take with you:

In addition to Form No. 1, take with you:

• international dog passport;
• certificate in form 5a.

Certificate form 5a is needed for departure to the EU. It is issued if there is a certificate in Form No. 1, a chip and the owner’s foreign passport.

All documents for animals must be completed no earlier than 3 days before the trip. Certificate 5a is done before boarding a train, car or plane.

Sometimes customs officers, upon entering a foreign country, require you to present a document confirming that the dog does not have rabies (antibody test). It takes up to 10 days to receive it, so when planning a train trip, it is better to call the consulate or embassy and clarify the information you are interested in (contact the migration service).

Why do you need a dog's pedigree and what does it look like?

This is proof of your pet's relationship with other representatives of the purebred breed. It is necessary for those who want to engage in professional animal breeding, sell puppies with firm confidence in their “status,” and take part in various exhibitions without barriers.

More precisely, this is information about several generations of the family, a list of them, confirming the noble origin of the pet. Formally, such a document can be divided into three parts:

The first is an indication of the number assigned upon issue, basic information about the pet (what breed it is, what its name is, when it was born, what color it is, whether there is a mark on the ear or a microchip installed under the skin). Also in this part are the details of the owner and the breeder who sold the dog (address and full name).

The second is a kind of family tree of the puppy’s father.

The third is a list of relatives on the mother’s side.

And if one of the parties does not provide information about the puppy’s ancestors, the document is considered incomplete. This paper also records the titles of the animal assigned to it at exhibitions.

Basic information

A dog show is a real colorful festival where various pets, as well as professional breeders and just amateurs, meet. Such an event can be regarded as a chance where you can gain experience, advice from professionals and share your skills and knowledge.

The main focus of such events is the selection of the best dogs for further breeding. Many owners believe that if they purchased a puppy from an elite nursery, it will definitely become a champion. Genes, of course, matter, but the owner must devote most of his energy to proper nutrition, maintenance and upbringing of his puppy. In total, all this will give excellent results with which you can conquer the top of the pedestals. We offer you to see how standard dog exhibitions take place.

Throughout the event, various titles and ranks are awarded. In the future, all these rewards will help sell puppies from females much easier and faster. And the male will become one of the best producers. The exhibition is a selection of the best. At the same time, pets are given ratings.

They are influenced by the following criteria:

• presence of deficiencies;
• minor vices;
• disqualifying defects.

Exhibition ranks

Such competitions have the following ranks:

1. Only those dog breeds that are officially recognized by the International Cynological Federation participate here.
2. CAC. This rank includes breeds that are recognized by the International Cynological Federation and the Russian Cynological Federation.
3. Specialty exhibitions. Conducted by the National Breed Club and the Russian Cynological Federation.

CAC ranks and specialty competitions have their own separate subgroups.

The CAC rank is divided into the following types:

1. CAC ChRKF - All-Russian. On it, a pet can take first place and receive the title of RKF Champion or a certificate of Champion of any federation.
2. SAS Black Sea Fleet - All-Russian. You can get first place and the title of Champion or a federation candidate certificate.
3. CAC KChF – regional. Here you can obtain a candidate certificate from one of the federations.

The specialty show is divided into the following ranks:

1. Club champion. This national event takes place only once a year. At such an event, certificates of ChNKP, CHRShPS, KChK, and SS are issued.
2. Club winner. This exhibition takes place between regions. On it you can get a certificate of PC, KChK, SS.
3. Candidate for club champions. This is a regional exhibition. KChK and SS certificates are issued here.

Grades and titles awarded at the exhibition

At each exhibition, dogs are evaluated and placed in classes. In addition, males stand separately from females. Class winners and individuals included in the lineup receive special award certificates. The table shows the main classes, the corresponding age for each group and the names of certificates received.

The following classes exist:

• baby, individuals from 3 to 6 months are allowed;
• puppies their age should be from 6 to 9 months;
• juniors from 9 to 18 months;
• intermediate from 15 to 24 months;
• open;
• worker;
• champion;
• winner;
• NKP champion;
• veteran.

Look in detail at the photo to see how the exhibitions and awarding of winners take place. If you don’t yet have the opportunity to participate in person, you can watch a video dedicated to the exhibition of purebred pets.

Homeland of the dachshund

Since the skeletons of the prototypes of the modern dachshund were discovered on the territory of present-day Germany back in the 2nd century BC. e., then this country is considered the birthplace of the dog. Documents from the 7th century mention a beaver dog, which was used to hunt otters, beavers, badgers, and was used in baiting foxes and hares. In the 15th century, a breed was described that looked like modern taxis. Their rapid spread and breeding began in the era of late feudalism, when cities grew rapidly and a new class of burghers appeared. It was they who made the breed popular, telling entertaining stories about hunting with it, ease of keeping, and ability to hunt any animal and bird. By the name of the pet, one can judge its use - badger, earthen, creeping, crawling into holes.

Throughout the 17th century, the breed was developed, new colors were introduced, and efforts were made to improve it. Not only hunters, but also ordinary lovers became interested in dogs. New species were created - with long and short hair. In 1880, a unified breed standard was adopted and the first German pedigree book was approved. Another 8 years later, a Tekel club was opened in Berlin (Teckel was the name for dachshund in northern Germany). At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries in Germany, an attempt was made to breed dachshunds that differ in height and weight in order to be able to use the dog in different conditions and for any animal.

The maximum popularity of the breed occurred at the beginning of the 20th century, when the passion for taxis crossed the borders of Germany and conquered the whole of Europe. They were bought not only as hunting dogs, but also for the home, as decorative ones. For many years, dogs were considered a symbol of comfort and respectability. In Germany, dachshunds are the national breed. On the territory of the country there is a village called Gergveis, where dachshunds live in every house. The place is called the “capital of dachshunds”; people come here for puppies from all parts of the world. The popularity of the breed in Germany is so enormous that the dachshund became the symbol of the Munich Olympic Games. Since the dog has changed over several centuries thanks to selection work carried out by German dog handlers, we can say that the dachshund is a breed bred in Germany. In the 19th century, it was improved in England, Austria and Sweden. At the end of the 19th century, dogs were brought to the USA, a club was organized, but in America they are rarely used for hunting, preferring to be considered as sport.

Dog branding procedure

How are puppies branded? This procedure includes the following steps:

1. The skin is prepared for branding: the hair is shaved, and an antiseptic is applied to the skin.
2. Despite the fact that the procedure is practically painless, it is better to secure the dog’s body and paws so that the pet does not escape.
3. If necessary, apply anesthetic gel.
4. The next step depends on the chosen tool for applying the brand. Before using the tattoo machine, a stencil of the future code is first applied.
5. A tattoo is applied using this stencil. At the end of the handle there is a needle with which punctures are made. The device itself has a reservoir with paint, which goes under the skin at the moment it is punctured.

The branding procedure takes no more than 5 minutes.

If tongs are used, the stamp is applied in one motion. After which a coloring pigment is applied, which penetrates the skin at the puncture sites. This method is used only for ear branding.

Important! Despite the fact that this procedure is practically painless for puppies, it is necessary to securely secure the pet to avoid injury and defects in the branding.

Applying a brand

Varieties of dachshunds

In the course of breeding and selection work, varieties of dachshunds appeared, which were conventionally divided into American and European types. Both are present in Russia. Each of them is individual and unique, but breeders have their own preferences related to the working qualities of dogs used in hunting or judging criteria, since competition winners are used in breeding work.

Different types of dachshunds originally appeared from Germany and England, where they developed in parallel and had not only common characteristics, but also significant differences. The founding breeders had a common goal, which made it possible to combine different types of dachshunds into one breed. Later they worked on it in America, as a result of which dachshunds were conditionally divided into two types. European has the following features:

• dogs are taller;
• look elegant;
• the type of constitution is rather dry.

The American type is described as follows:

• the general appearance is larger and rougher;

• the neck is practically absent;
• strong bones;
• the body and chest are massive;
• the legs are short, the shoulder is large;
• unclear transition from forehead to muzzle;
• "abundant" skin.

Very often at exhibitions, judges criticize the American type for being too short-legged, large in size and low in the chest. In their opinion, it is difficult for such individuals to get into the hole, much less work in it. But most breeders are satisfied with their pets and try to maintain the working qualities of the dogs in the form they are.

Both the American and European types are divided into several types depending on the size of the dogs and the type of their coat. This division has been around for a long time and has its own clear criteria.

By coat

As the breed evolved and dachshund numbers grew, they were increasingly used for hunting. We needed individuals whose fur was different from the initial one - smooth and short. Dogs with warmer coats were especially needed in regions with cold climates.

The original type of dachshund is smooth-haired. The first mention of the longhair dates back to 1820. The new species appeared due to the mixing of the main breed with the spaniel and small cops. Breeding experiments were first described in 1836.

Later, a wire-haired dachshund was bred. The breeders were faced with the task of obtaining a dog that was less susceptible to cold, humidity and injury. In 1915, the wire-haired dachshund was recognized, and at the same time a general breed standard was established, which is still valid today:

• the head is wedge-shaped, looks elegant, the skull is flat, the muzzle is elongated;
• nose black or brown;
• lips have a fold at the corners;
• large teeth, total number – 42;
• scissor bite;
• ears are hanging, rounded, touching the cheeks;
• eyes of medium size, oval shape, dark color;
• long neck, muscular scruff;
• rounded ribs;
• toned stomach;
• wide chest;
• straight back;
• the limbs are muscular with short forearms, developed pads on the paws and strong claws;
• the tail is straight, set low.

Taxi dogs can be roughly divided into three categories based on their coat color:

1. Single-colored - red (the most common), bright brown (valued above others), fawn, chocolate. All colors have white markings on the legs and chest.
2. Two-tone - black or brown with red tan.
3. Spotted - brindle (dark stripes on a red, red or fawn background) and marbled (light spots on a gray, black or red background).

If the dog is black or albino, this is a deviation from the standard and is considered a defect, which does not give the right to use it in breeding work.

Based on their coat type, dachshunds are divided into three types:

1. Smooth-haired - the coat is thick, shiny, without bald spots, smooth, close to the body, short hairs (no more than 2 cm).
2. Long-haired - the hairs are shiny, long, close to the body, and form fringes on the ears, paws and chest. The longest fur is on the tail. There is undercoat.
3. Wire-haired – the hairs are coarse, the coat is thick, of medium length (up to 3 cm), with undercoat. On the face, eyebrows and ears, the fur does not adhere to the skin.

Smooth-haired

The history of the origin of the dachshund begins with its smooth-haired variety. These dogs are considered the founders of all other species. Their body is long and their fur is close-fitting. Despite the fact that the smooth-haired dachshund looks clumsy, this is only a first and biased impression. Taxis are playful, agile and agile. The coat is short, so it does not require special care. If the dog is healthy, neither dirt nor snow sticks to its skin. You can send it to an exhibition at any time - it looks quite presentable. If it does get dirty, just wipe the coat with a damp, clean cloth.

Smooth-haired individuals have a disadvantage - they are more susceptible to colds, colds and more severe diseases. The situation becomes more complicated if the quality of the wool is low. It depends on the dog’s living conditions, heredity and balanced diet. When a dachshund is kept outdoors in an enclosure, the coat may lengthen somewhat, become coarser, and an undercoat will appear, which is not at all typical for a smooth-haired species. If the dog lives at home and doesn’t go outside much, it’s a completely different story. The coat becomes soft and sparse, since the dog does not need a warm fur coat in the house. Nature itself worries about how to adapt the animal to the environment, but the possibilities for the short-haired dachshund even in this case are not so great. In the cold, frost she experiences discomfort. Despite this, short-haired dachshunds are bred most intensively in Russia.

Longhair

In Russia, the second place in the number of individuals is occupied by long-haired dachshunds, but they are significantly inferior to short-haired ones. Most often, such dogs are owned not by hunters, but by lovers of the breed, for whom their working qualities are not important, although some of the livestock are bred specifically for sports competitions - hunting foxes and badgers in artificial holes. Long-haired dachshunds are considered the most attractive of all species, but there is an opinion that they are more difficult to keep than short-haired ones. Although, from the stories about the German dachshund from the breeders themselves, it becomes clear that there is not much difference in the maintenance and care of long-haired and short-haired dachshunds. They have the same ancestors, the same history, all animals have a strong hunting instinct and require the same care and attention.

The first dachshunds with long coats appeared in the 19th century. They were the result of crossing the “oldest” smooth-haired individuals in the history of the breed with spaniels and medium-sized cops. The first representative of the long-haired species was a female named Schnipp. It was from this that the description of dachshunds with long coats was later made. In 1895, information about thirteen dogs was entered into the stud book.

Fifty years later, in the middle of the 20th century, long-haired dachshunds became popular, became fashionable and occupied a leading position for thirty years. This is not surprising, since dachshunds look very attractive - the coat is beautiful, and the dog looks like a setter with short legs. It was used both for hunting and as a decorative lap dog. Long hair did not affect working qualities in any way. True, over time, selective selection with an emphasis on the beauty of the exterior had a negative impact on the hunting merits of long-haired dachshunds, and the feathering on the legs, belly and ears does not help in work and is not liked by hunters. For this reason, the type of dogs with long hair is increasingly in demand as a decorative dog.

Wirehaired

Over the past two hundred years, attempts have been made to obtain a dachshund with a rough coat. Jester described his experiment in 1797, and Harting in 1811. The latter, in a story about a dachshund with a rough coat, noted that its legs are not as crooked and short as those of a smooth-haired one.

Breeders who were developing a new type of taxis used smooth-haired individuals and representatives of breeds with a hard coat. English and Scottish terriers have these characteristics, in particular the most ancient species, the Dandie Dinmont. In addition, the wire-haired dachshund has blood from the miniature pinscher and schnauzer.

One of the most successful attempts to obtain a wire-haired dachshund occurred at the end of the 19th century. It was undertaken by German dog handlers. Some breeds that had previously participated in selection work had only a decorative purpose, which negatively affected the working qualities of the dog. Some have decreased their sense of smell, others have become silent and stopped raising their voices when pursuing prey. Breeders from Germany have done a lot of work to shape the hunting characteristics of the wire-haired dachshund. They had to cross different species, combine several bloods (including tall-legged breeds). As a result, the dachshunds turned out to be less typical than they are used to seeing.

The first prize-winner of the competition was a wire-haired male named Mordax. He was bred from a Smooth Dachshund Terrier mix. Already in 1895, the names of twenty-three individuals with a hard coat were entered into the stud book. However, the differences between the species were recognized and established only twenty years later.

Today such dachshunds are popular in European countries. In Russia, the population is small, although interest in the wire-haired species is growing, since the animals have a number of advantages.

The dog's coarse fur is very comfortable during hunting. Externally, the dachshund looks like a smooth-haired one - the hairs lie tightly to the body. From a short distance it is impossible to distinguish representatives of the breed of different species. The difference can be seen on the face, where the bristles form a colorful mustache, eyebrows and beard. The coat is very thick, hard, with a dense undercoat. It is shorter on the limbs than on the body. On the ears and head - very short length. Since the hard coat does not allow moisture to pass through and is frost-resistant, dogs feel comfortable in any conditions. Grass, branches, dirt and snow do not cling to the fur, as is often the case with long-haired dogs.

To size

The original purpose of breeding dachshunds is to hunt wild boar, badger, fox and hare. Next, more miniature individuals were needed to catch small game. This work began to be done in Germany in the 16th century. The smallest animals were crossed with each other and with hounds. The resulting offspring were even smaller than the parents, but the proportions of the breed remained the same. At the same time, they acquired grace and elegance. The British did not use dachshunds as hunting assistants; they considered the dogs decorative, and for this purpose they bred and selected them. Gradually they gained popularity, and after the standard was approved, representatives of the breed spread throughout the world. They began to have friendly taxi drivers as companions. The initially approved standard assumed the presence of a single height variant (no more than 35 cm), short smooth wool, and a uniform color of red shades. A proportional ratio of height at the withers to body length was also prescribed - 1.7:1. In the course of evolution and targeted selection work, smaller dogs were obtained, but of the same proportions. Currently, there are three types of dachshunds based on size:

• standard;
• dwarf or miniature;
• rabbit

The standard or classic type of taxi requires the following parameters:

• height at the withers – from 27 cm to 35 cm;
• chest volume 35 cm;
• weight up to 9 kg;
• black claws and nose;
• red, plain wool;
• brown oval eyes;
• drooping ears;
• the tail is straight, tapering towards the tip;
• paws are short, not curved.

It should be noted that measurements for the standard type are considered correct if they are taken at 15 months. The defect includes black or chocolate coat color. The dachshund must be smart, brave and energetic. Cowardice is a quality considered a deviation from the norm. Classic dachshunds hunt large animals and small game.

Dwarf or miniature dogs were obtained from standard dogs, selecting the smallest of them for breeding work. Their build is graceful, and the parameters meet the criteria:

• height from 22 cm to 27 cm;
• chest volume is 30-35 cm;
• weight about 6 kg;
• nose and claws are black.

With a dwarf dachshund they hunt foxes, badgers, or have a dog as a companion as a decorative one.

The rabbit species was bred to hunt hares and rabbits. To obtain this variety, the smallest dachshunds were crossed with toy terriers. Despite their miniature size, representatives of the breed have retained their fighting character, while having other parameters:

• height from 13 cm to 15 cm;
• weight 3.5-4 kg;
• chest volume 30 cm;
• legs are short but strong;
• elongated muzzle;
• the proportions are the same as those of a standard dachshund.

Standard

The standard dachshund appeared earlier than others. It became the basis of the breed several centuries ago, originating in what is now Germany. Its ancestor is considered to be a short hound. It was from them that the takshat inherited the instinct and ability to drive the beast out loud. Such individuals cannot be overestimated; they represented the wealth of the family, since they could catch up with prey and hold it in place, barking at it. In their nature, they have not only courage, but also caution, since the loss of a pet became a great tragedy for the hunter and his family. They tried to get offspring from pets with valuable qualities, imprinting working qualities and a specific manner of hunting behavior in the representatives of the breed.

The standard dachshund has a special working style. If they follow the scent, due to their shortened limbs their race is leisurely. The animal makes allowance for this circumstance and leaves slowly, which hunters appreciate. In addition to chasing along the surface, dachshunds follow prey to any shelter or hole, again driving the animal to the surface to meet the hunter. German hunters especially valued the breed's viciousness and agility, thanks to which the dog could take the animal himself. When burrow hunting declined in Germany, this quality began to be maintained artificially. At the same time, the excessive ardor of taxi drivers is considered a disadvantage, giving preference to more cautious and prudent individuals.

The character of modern standard dachshunds is friendly, which makes it possible to have them as companions. They are hardy, non-aggressive towards children, and need constant contact with their owner. They do not tolerate loneliness well, they begin to howl, damage furniture and dig imaginary holes. On the street they can get carried away in a chase and run away from a person. They respond well to training and are stubborn and persistent in learning. The dog serves as a reliable guard, always gives a signal if someone approaches the house, is suspicious of strangers, and shows excessive aggressiveness. Timely socialization and education can prevent such behavior.

Rabbit

The rabbit dachshund, whose height is only 15 cm and weighs no more than 4 kg, is not a deviation from the norm, but a separate, most miniature type of the breed.

Despite its modest size, the character of the rabbit dachshund is extremely hyperactive and playful. Kids are curious and energetic. Even in a dream, the dogs are all running somewhere, twitching their paws, barking and sniffing. With age they become more sedate, more obedient and calmer. When a dog is given a command, he is not in a hurry to carry out, but considers its appropriateness and timeliness, and draws conclusions. The rabbit dachshund is the favorite of the whole family, but it remembers injustice and insults from loved ones for a long time and can take revenge. At home, these babies are capable of ruining everything - parquet, clothes, furniture. In a fever they can bite painfully.

Even after the dachshund grows up, it never stops poking its nose everywhere. Walks with the baby are carried out every day, only in this case you can calm down her energy. Today, dwarf dachshunds are used as decorative dogs, although they were bred for a different purpose.

German breeders under the leadership of F. Engelmann sought to obtain the smallest dachshund. To achieve this, standard individuals were crossed with spaniels, pinschers and miniature schnauzers. The experience turned out to be negative, the puppies lost their appearance, temperament and working qualities. Further activities were based on the selection of the smallest individuals among the standard ones. Breeding work dragged on for many years, and only at the very end of the 19th century a variety was recorded, which was given the name “rabbit”, since they were intended for hunting hare or rabbit. In Russia, until 1981, there was no division of the breed into species depending on the size of the dogs. Since 1990, the rabbit population began to gradually increase, and nurseries and breeders appeared. In the vast majority of cases, they are bought to be kept in the house as a decorative dog, especially since populations of rabbits that could be hunted with it in Russia are only available in some southern regions of the country.

Dwarf

In terms of height and weight, dwarf dachshunds occupy an intermediate position between standard and rabbit dachshunds. The incentive for individuals with a height of about 27 cm and a weight of no more than 6 kg to appear in the history of the breed was given by hunters who wanted to get a burrowing dog specializing in a particular animal. They should be more nimble, capable of penetrating a hole of any diameter, this was especially true for rabbit ones - narrow, long, of unknown direction and design.

Wild rabbits were very abundant in southern Germany and other regions. It is extremely difficult to get animals without a good dog. It required maximum effort - blowing smoke, pouring water. A small, nimble dwarf dachshund is able to penetrate into a labyrinth dug by rabbits, drive it out of there, or personally pull the prey out. Only the miniature size and courage of taxi drivers make it possible to do this easily and beautifully. The dog needs flexibility, dexterity, and often has to turn around in a narrow hole, “put the car in reverse” in pitch darkness, where the ground can crumble at any moment. The literature describes cases where two dogs moved in a fox hole one above the other. Despite their size, their viciousness and courage made it possible to obtain a victim. Until the end of the 19th century, the dwarf species was bred sporadically, since they produced few offspring and it took too much time to increase the population.

As in the case of rabbit dachshunds, systematic breeding of dwarf species began after the optimal breeding option was found. Breeders selected those sires that produced small offspring, and then created pairs that had not only miniature size, but also working hunting qualities. In the history of the breed, the nickname of one of the most successful male sires remains: Gib-Hals gave very vicious and small offspring.

Documents for the dog required when purchasing it

When purchasing a dog, a purchase and sale agreement is drawn up between the future owner and the seller. A package of necessary documents is attached to it. These include:

• puppy card;
• veterinary passport;
• pet's pedigree;
• puppy inspection report;
• the act of mating breeding dogs.

This video talks about how to get documents for an adult dog.

Puppy metrics (puppy card, “puppy”)

This is the main document that a puppy is required to purchase. The dog's metric contains detailed information:

• puppy breed;
• pet's name;
• parents' nicknames;
• parents' pedigrees;
• color;
• date of birth of the animal;
• brand;
• The buyer’s personal information is indicated in a special column – “puppy owner”.

In addition, you need to take into account some nuances.

• The puppy's certificate must bear the seal of the kennel or club that issued the puppy.
• The puppy's certificate must be issued in two copies. One of them will be in the hands of the dog’s owner, and the second will be transferred to the canine organization (RKF) to obtain a pedigree.

Pedigree of dogs

A dog's pedigree is an official document issued by the Russian Cynological Federation or a similar organization (for example, SKOR) when the puppy reaches six months of age. In RKF it can be obtained until the dog is 15 months old. The pedigree is provided on the basis of the mating certificate, the puppy inspection certificate, as well as the pedigrees of the parents.

The pedigree contains the following information:

• date of birth of the pet;
• nickname;
• breed;
• floor;
• color;
• information about the puppy's owner;
• breeder;
• information about parents up to 3-4 generations indicating nicknames, grades, diplomas.

The act of mating breeding dogs

This is a document that confirms the fact of mating of a male and female. It contains information about the mating date, the names of the dogs' owners and the mating conditions. The mating act is drawn up in triplicate with the obligatory signatures of both parties. One of them will be kept at the place of registration of mating, and the other two will be kept by the owners of breeding dogs.

The act of breeding dogs is a mandatory document; without it, it will be impossible to certify the future litter.

Puppies inspection report (certification)

Within no more than one and a half months from the date of birth of the puppy, it must be given a nickname officially registered in the organization. After this, specialists draw up an inspection report for the puppy in the form of a description of the litter on a standard form. It indicates such parameters as color, characteristics of a particular breed, physical development and diseases and behavioral characteristics.

This video talks about how much it costs to get documents for a dog and how to avoid scammers.

Veterinary passport

After purchasing a puppy, the necessary action is to visit a veterinary clinic to obtain a veterinary passport. This document will contain information about the vaccinations performed (name of the vaccine and date of vaccination). It also contains information about the pet (name, breed and age).

A veterinary passport is an international document; it is required when transporting a puppy, when participating in exhibitions or competitions. It reflects the pet’s health status and all veterinary actions in relation to it.

How did the dachshund get to Russia?

Unlike European countries, the dachshund did not come to Russia immediately and did not immediately gain popularity. The first mention of the breed is associated with the name of Anna Ioannovna. In 1730, during the royal hunt, there were also “taxels” among the greyhounds and hounds. Everything is explained simply - the empress brought the dogs from Courland, where she lived for many years with her husband, and after his death she replaced him, becoming the ruler of the duchy. Taxis were as popular there as in Germany. After moving to St. Petersburg, Anna Ioannovna, who loved hunting, brought with her a new breed of dogs. As history tells, despite their unique qualities, they did not become numerous or popular like hounds or greyhounds, but they found their admirers in Russia. At first, dachshunds were distributed throughout the western regions, then they were brought to Moscow, Ukraine, Novgorod, and the central provinces. In Russia, dogs were called “badgers”, after the name of the animal they hunted. The first specialized nursery where high-class dachshunds were bred was opened near St. Petersburg. Breeding dogs were brought from Germany.

At the end of the 19th century, dachshunds became famous and popular among hunters and amateur dog breeders in Russia, after which a stud book was approved and exhibitions were organized. They took place not only in the capital, but also in other regions.

The First World War and the revolution dealt a crushing blow to the canine industry, so it had to be restored in the 20s of the 20th century. Unfortunately, the Leningrad nursery could not produce a sufficient number of individuals and increase the dachshund population. The real revival of the breed began only in the 40-50s, and took shape by the 60s. By the nineties, nurseries across the country began breeding work and the total number of dachshunds reached 3.5 thousand; they were no longer considered a small breed.

In the vast majority of cases in the Russian Federation, dogs are kept for hunting and bred for their working qualities. Most individuals were registered in Moscow, Yekaterinburg and St. Petersburg. The Russian dachshund was appreciated not only by pet owners, but also by international judges at competitions under the FCI flag.

How does the process of buying a puppy and issuing documents go?

If you do not know what documents are needed when purchasing a puppy, read the Breeding Regulations of the Russian Cynological Federation (RKF). From it you can find out the list of mandatory RKF documents for a dog and understand what it is, using specific examples.

According to the Breeding Regulations of the RKF, a written agreement for the purchase and sale of a dog in Russia is not mandatory. The price for a pet is negotiated verbally. But still, an agreement is desirable, since it can subsequently resolve unforeseen controversial issues.

To confirm the official registration of the mating, the date of birth of the puppy, breed and other important data, other papers are used, which will be discussed below.

When selling a puppy, the breeder is obliged to:

• introduce the buyer to the entire litter and its mother;
• demonstrate the conditions in which puppies are kept;
• give comprehensive advice on the maintenance, feeding and characteristics of the breed;
• if the breed is prone to any diseases, the breeder, at the buyer’s request, provides information that the puppies’ mother is healthy (certificates from a veterinarian, X-ray/ultrasound results, etc.);
• sometimes such certificates are given regarding the father of the puppies;
• issue a complete package of required documents and satisfy the client’s desire to draw up a purchase and sale agreement.

In addition, a conscientious breeder will be interested in the future fate of the puppy. At first, you can call him and consult about any questions you have. In some cases, the breeder will help you meet a suitable partner for mating or recommend participation in exhibitions.

What is RKF in dogs?

Abbreviations RKF
RKF is an organization that unites clubs and kennels in all cities of Russia, the largest cynological organization in Russia. Formed and registered in 1996.

Pedigrees issued by the RKF are recognized in the Russian Federation and abroad.

Other acts outside the borders of Russia are considered invalid.