Resident, wintering and migratory birds: list, photos with names. How do migratory birds differ from wintering birds: presentation for preschoolers. Do migratory birds build nests in the south? What birds in spring?

Wonderful pictures with migratory and wintering birds. Which birds remain to spend the winter in their homeland, and which ones fly away?

Walking through a park or forest, we listen to birds singing and often simply don’t think about which bird trills so nicely. There are birds that live in our area all year round, but there are also those that fly to “warmer climes” in the fall.

Wild ducks in the sky

The fact is that in winter it is very difficult for birds to find food for themselves, because insects, berries and grains become scarce, and when snow falls, it is almost impossible to find them at all. And different species of birds solve this problem in different ways: migratory birds fly hundreds and even thousands of kilometers to warmer countries, while sedentary birds adapt to our harsh winters.

A tit in the snow, which apparently wants to eat some seeds

Settled, wintering birds: list, photos with names

To help the birds that remain over the winter find food, feeders are hung. And it is quite possible that they will be of interest to the following visitors:

Sparrow . Noisy sparrows that fly in flocks may well become the first visitors to the feeder.

flock of sparrows

Tit. Tits are in many ways not inferior to sparrows; they quickly rush to feed in feeders. But compared to sparrows, tits are endowed with a more gentle disposition. Interestingly, in the summer the tit eats almost as much food as it weighs. You can often see mixed flocks of both sparrows and tits at feeders.

Tit with a piece of bread Sparrows and tit

Gaichka . A close relative of the tit. However, the chickadee's breast is not yellow, but light brown. The chickadee also differs from other tits in that it makes a hollow in a tree to make a nest in it.

The chickadee is a special type of tit

Crow. Ravens are often confused with rooks. It is known that in the western part of Russia crows are very rare. Therefore, if you live in the European part of Russia and see a black bird emitting a piercing croak, then most likely it is a rook.

Black Crow

Pigeon. The distribution and lifestyle of pigeons was largely influenced by people who simply brought them with them to different parts of the Earth. Now pigeons are found on all continents except Antarctica. Pigeons easily exchange rocks, which are their natural habitat, for man-made structures.

The nodding gait of pigeons is due to the fact that this makes it easier for them to examine the object of interest to them.

Woodpecker. In the warm season, woodpeckers feed mainly on insects, which they get from under the bark of trees, and in the cold winter, they can also feed on plant foods: seeds and nuts.

Woodpeckers love to eat seeds from pine and spruce cones.

Magpie. The magpie is considered a bird of high intelligence; it is capable of expressing a lot of emotions, including sadness, and can recognize its reflection in the mirror. It is interesting that not only its fellow birds react to the alarming cry of a magpie, but also other birds, as well as wild animals, in particular bears and wolves.

Magpie - wintering bird

Owl . Owls come in different varieties, large and small, and there are more than 200 species in total. These birds are endowed with acute vision and excellent hearing, which allows them to lead a nocturnal lifestyle. It is interesting that the tufts on the owl's head are not ears, the real ears of owls are hidden in the feathers, and one of them is directed upward, and the other downwards, in order to better hear what is happening above the head and on the ground.

Owl is a night bird

Owl. This bird is also considered an owl and is a close relative of other owls.

Owl

Tawny owl. A rare owl that lives mainly in mountainous areas in northern latitudes. The name of the bird, according to different versions, means “inedible” or “insatiable.”

Tawny Owl

Jackdaw. Externally, jackdaws are similar to rooks and crows; moreover, there are mixed flocks in which all three species of birds can be seen. However, the jackdaw is smaller in size than the crow. And if you are lucky enough to observe a jackdaw up close, you can easily recognize it by the gray color of some of its feathers.

Jackdaws really like shiny objects

Nuthatch. This little bird climbs tree trunks very deftly. In summer, nuthatches hide seeds and nuts in the bark, and in winter they feed on these supplies.

Nuthatch on a birch tree

Crossbill. Like the nuthatch, this bird is excellent at climbing trees and can hang upside down on branches. Crossbill's favorite food is seeds from spruce and pine cones. This bird is remarkable in that it can hatch chicks even in winter, but only if there is enough food.

Crossbill on spruce branches

Bullfinch. Only males have bright red plumage on the chest; females look much more modest. Bullfinches are more often seen in winter, because due to lack of food, they are drawn to people. In summer, bullfinches prefer wooded areas and behave inconspicuously, so they are not easy to see.

Pair of bullfinches

Waxwing . A bird with beautiful plumage and a singing voice. In summer it feeds mainly on insects and likes to settle in coniferous forests. In winter, the waxwing moves to more southern regions of the country and is often found in cities. In the cold season, rowan and other fruits become the main food for birds.

Waxwing on a rowan branch in winter

Jay. A large bird, which, however, can fly to feast on a feeder hung by people. In the summer it is rarely seen in the city, but closer to winter the bird begins to reach out to human habitation.

Jay in winter

Kinglet. One of the smallest birds, the weight of an adult male is only 5-7 grams. Kinglets are relatives of sparrows.

Kinglet - forest dweller

Pheasant . A large bird that is a favorite trophy for many hunters. Pheasants can fly, but most often move on foot.

Pheasant

Hazel grouse . It is also an object of hunting, despite the fact that this bird is quite small. The weight of an adult hazel grouse rarely reaches 500 g. Interestingly, the largest population of these birds lives in Russia.

The hazel grouse is a bird that is related to the black grouse

Black grouse. Another bird that is related to hunting. Black grouse are found at the edge of the forest and in the forest-steppe.

Grouse

Sokol . It is considered one of the smartest birds on the planet and one of the best hunters. The falcon is capable of working in tandem with a person, but it is very difficult to tame it.

Falcon in flight

Hawk . Like the falcon, it is a bird of prey. A hawk's vision is 8 times sharper than a human's. And rushing after prey, the hawk can reach speeds of up to 240 km/h.

Hawk

Crossbill

This bird of the finch family has a bent, crooked beak. Its structure is determined by its function. With its beak, the crossbill picks up grains from cones. At the same time, a characteristic click is heard. Hence the name wintering birds .

Despite the adaptability of their beaks, crossbills are unable to remove all the pine nuts. The cones thrown by the birds are cleaned by the squirrels. Males of the species are red-brown, and females are gray-green-yellow. Birds become like this by the age of 3. As adults, crossbills do not exceed 20 centimeters in length and weigh about 50 grams.

Listen to the voice of the crossbill

Crossbills are not just wintering birds in Russia , but birds that sing in the snow. “Trills” are heard even at 50 degrees below zero. At -30, crossbills calmly hatch their eggs and raise their offspring.

Migratory and nomadic birds: list, photos with names

Rook. Rooks differ from crows in having a gray-yellow beak. In Kuban and Ukraine, you can see how in the fall rooks gather in huge flocks, so large that the sky seems black from the birds soaring in it - these are rooks that fly south. However, rooks are classified as migratory birds only conditionally, some of them remain to winter in central Russia, some winter in Ukraine, and only some birds fly to the warm shores of Turkey for the winter.

The sky in which rooks circle

Rooks love to fly to freshly dug ground; sometimes they fly right behind a plowing tractor in order to have time to get as many worms and larvae as possible from the dug up ground.

Rook

Nightingale. This inconspicuous bird with a singing voice loves warmth, and therefore flies south in the fall. And for wintering, our native nightingales chose hot Africa. These birds fly to the eastern part of the continent - Kenya and Ethiopia - for the winter. However, local residents cannot enjoy their singing, because nightingales sing only during the mating season, which takes place in their homeland.

Nightingale

Martin. Swallows love rocky terrain; they often settle on the steep walls of quarries that people have dug. However, our winters are too harsh for swallows and therefore in the fall they fly to the southern part of Africa, far from us, or to Tropical Asia.

Swallow in flight

Chizh . Like the rook, it is a migratory bird that arrives early and winters nearby: in the Caucasus, Kazakhstan and southern Europe. Externally, siskins are inconspicuous, their gray-green feathers are absolutely not noticeable against the background of the branches. The bird's temperament matches its appearance: quiet and meek.

Gray-green plumage of a siskin

Goldfinch. In Europe it is a wintering bird, however, in Russia goldfinches can only be seen in summer. By winter, goldfinches gather in flocks and move to lands with a warmer climate. Goldfinches are close relatives of siskins.

The goldfinch is one of the most colorful birds

Wagtail. A slender bird that runs quickly along the ground and shakes its tail with every step. Wagtails spend the winter in eastern Africa, southern Asia, and sometimes southern Europe.

Wagtail

Quail. The only bird from the Galliformes order that is migratory. The weight of an adult quail is not so large and amounts to 80-150 g. In summer, quails can be found in fields sown with wheat and rye. Quails winter far beyond the borders of our homeland: in southern Africa and southern Asia, on the Hindustan Peninsula.

Quail in the grass

Drozd . The song thrush, with its sweet trills, creates worthy competition for the nightingale. And his appearance, like that of the nightingale, is inconspicuous. In winter, blackbirds become Europeans: Italy, France and Spain are their second homeland.

song thrush

Lark . Larks return from warm countries very early; sometimes already in March you can hear their sonorous song, which becomes a harbinger of spring warmth. And larks spend the winter in Southern Europe.

Lark in spring

Seagull . With the onset of cold weather, seagulls living on the coasts of the northern seas migrate to the Black and Caspian Seas. But over the years, seagulls are increasingly drawn to people, and increasingly remain to spend the winter in cities.

Seagull on the warm coast

Swift . Swifts winter in Africa, and fly to its equatorial part or even go to the southern part of the continent.

Swift

Starling. Starlings really need birdhouses, since most often they breed their offspring in them. And our starlings go to Southern Europe and East Africa for the winter.

Starling This bizarre black cloud is a flock of starlings returning home

Chaffinch . Finches from the western part of the country winter mainly in Central Europe and the Mediterranean, and finches that live near the Urals in the summer go to winter in Southern Kazakhstan and the southern regions of Asia.

Chaffinch - a noisy inhabitant of the forest

Heron . It is quite difficult to determine where herons spend the winter; some of them travel huge distances to South Africa, some winter in the Crimea or the Kuban, and in the Stavropol Territory, herons sometimes even remain for the winter.

Heron in a pond

Crane . These birds are monogamous, and once having chosen a partner, they remain faithful to him throughout their lives. Cranes settle in swampy areas. And their wintering places are as diverse as those of herons: Southern Europe, Africa and even China - in all these parts of the world you can find cranes that have flown from Russia to spend the winter.

Cranes

Stork . In Russia there are black and white storks. White storks build huge nests, up to one and a half meters wide, and make very long flights to the south. Sometimes they cross half the planet and reach South Africa, a country located in the very south of Africa.

Storks nest

Swan . The swan is a bird that represents devotion and romance. Swans are waterfowl, so for wintering they choose places near water, often the Caspian or Mediterranean Sea.

Swan mother and her babies

Duck . Wild ducks, as a rule, do not fly far in winter and remain in the vast expanses of post-Soviet states. It is noteworthy that their domestic relatives also begin to worry in the fall and sometimes try to fly away, sometimes they even fly over fences and fly short distances.

wild ducks

Cuckoo . Cuckoos live in forests, forest-steppe, and steppe. The vast majority of cuckoos fly to tropical and South Africa for the winter; less commonly, cuckoos winter in South Asia: India and China.

Cuckoo

Oriole . A small bird with a singing voice and bright plumage that flies to the tropics for the winter.

Oriole

Robin . They wake up at dawn and are among the first to start the morning song. This little songbird used to be called a robin. Robins fly to Southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East to spend the winter and are among the first to return home.

Robin

Waxwings

These are beige-peach birds with a crest on the head, black eyeliner, craw, wings and tail. The birds reach 20 centimeters in length and weigh about 60 grams. Red spots are visible on the tips of the wings, and a yellow line on the tail. Thanks to their elegant plumage, waxwings are known as crested dandies.

in Russia . Which edges do birds choose? They prefer mixed forests of pine and birch. Flocks fly from place to place in search of food. Such birds are called nomadic.

Waxwings are easily removed from their homes in one region, rushing to another. Birds search among the snow for fieldfare, thickets of barberry or viburnum. In the forest canopy, waxwings look for frozen lingonberries.

In summer, the diet of waxwings is replenished with midges and grasses. They are completely digested by birds. Berries are heavy food for the waxwing’s stomach. The fruits come out only partially digested. This makes it easier for seeds to germinate in the spring.

What is the difference between migratory birds and wintering birds: presentation for preschoolers

Wintering and migratory birds: presentation for preschoolers

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Slide 8: presentation of wintering birds Slide 9 Slide 10

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Slide 12

White Owl

She fell in love with the polar regions of Russia. Loose but abundant plumage helps them survive there. The air in it retains the heat of the owl's body, preventing cold from outside. The polar bird obtains prey with the help of silent and lightning-fast flight and acute vision. In the light of an ordinary candle, an owl sees its prey 300 meters away. The claws and beak of the predator catch hares, martens, rodents, and lemmings.

In years when food is poor, polar owls migrate to the forest-steppe zone. The bird is large, up to 70 centimeters in length. The bird gains 3 kilograms of mass. Harry Potter held about that much in his hand. The hero of JK Rowling's work often used the services of Boucli. That was the name of the white owl who served as a messenger for the wizard.

Why do migratory birds fly to warmer regions where they spend the winter, and why do they come back?

Winter is a harsh test for birds. And only those who can get food for themselves in harsh conditions remain to spend the winter.

Bullfinch getting seeds

What could be the ways for birds to survive in the cold season?

Some birds store food for the winter in the summer. They hide plant seeds, nuts, acorns, caterpillars and larvae in grass and cracks in tree bark. Such birds include the nuthatch.
Some birds are not afraid of people and live near residential buildings. In winter, they find food in feeders and garbage heaps.
Some birds are predators and feed on rodents. There are birds of prey that can feed on hares, hunt fish, small birds and bats.

Rowan saves many birds from hunger in winter.
If a bird can find food for itself in winter, it means it does not need to go on a tedious and difficult flight to warmer climes in the fall.

Bullfinches peck bread crumbs in a feeder

It would seem that everything is simple, and the only reason for the seasonal migration of birds is the lack of food. But in reality there are more questions here than answers. For example, imagine that a wild duck, which is a migratory bird, is provided with an artificially heated pond and a sufficient amount of food. Will she stay for the winter? Of course not. She will be called on a long journey by a strong feeling that is difficult to explain, called natural instinct.

Wild ducks in the sky

It turns out that birds fly to warmer regions, as if out of habit, because their ancestors did this for hundreds and thousands of years.

Chicks

Another question that requires an answer: why do birds return from warm countries every spring? Ornithological scientists have concluded that the beginning of the return flight is associated with the activation of sex hormones and the beginning of the breeding season. But why do birds fly thousands of kilometers and hatch their chicks exactly where they were born? Poets and romantic people say that birds, like people, are simply drawn to their homeland.

How do migratory birds know where to fly? A question to which to this day there is no clear answer. It has been experimentally proven that birds can navigate in completely unfamiliar terrain and in conditions of limited visibility, when neither the sun nor the stars are visible. They have an organ that allows them to navigate the Earth's magnetic field.

But the mystery remains how young individuals, who have never flown to warm regions before, find their own wintering place, and how do they know the route to fly? It turns out that in birds, at the genetic level, information about the point on the map where you need to fly is recorded and, moreover, a route to it is drawn.

Birds unerringly find their way to their wintering grounds

Owl

The eagle owl is the largest bird among the owls, its height is 0.6–0.8 m, its wingspan is up to 1.9 m. It is distributed throughout Eurasia, except the far north. Hunts by planning. It is a wintering sedentary species.

The plumage is motley, brown tones, loose, absorbs the sounds of flight. There are feathers sticking out on the head, like “ears”. The paws are completely covered with feathers, the claws are large. Amber eyes stand out on the facial disc. During courtship, partners call each other loudly, forming permanent pairs.

Thanks to the special structure of the spine, the eagle owl's head can even turn backwards.

Hunts in the evening all night. It feeds on rodents, hares, birds, frogs, and fish.

Nests are located on the ground, in the roots of trees, among brushwood. The female incubates, the male feeds her and the chicks. The chicks are covered with down and blind. At 2 months they begin to fly, at 3–4 months they leave their parents.

Rice. 3. Eagle owl.

Which birds are the first and last to arrive in spring?

The rooks are the first to arrive in the spring . These birds return to their homeland in early spring, when the first thawed patches in the snow appear. With their strong beaks, rooks dig out larvae in such thawed areas, which form the basis of their diet.

The last to arrive are the birds, which feed on flying insects. These are swallows, swifts, and orioles. The diet of these birds consists of:

Komarov
Much
Moshek
Horseflies
Zhukov
Cicadas
Butterflies

Since the emergence of a large number of adult flying insects from larvae requires warm weather and about two weeks of time, the birds that feed on them fly to their homeland after the mass appearance of these insects.

Geese are preparing to fly to warmer climes

Goldfinch

This is a bird of the finch family. A distinctive feature is a red spot on the head. Next to white cheeks and a black crown, scarlet looks contrasting and elegant. Hence the name of the bird. Goldfinches reach 17 centimeters in length and weigh about 20 grams.

Despite their small size, goldfinches are known as fighters. This is due to a heightened sense of ownership. Goldfinches fight for territories that they consider their own. Goldfinches feed on weed seeds, for example, thistle. Birds collect food, flying from field to field, looking for it under the snow and on dry plants sticking out above it.

What flock of migratory birds promises snow?

geese has flown south , you should expect the first snow to fall. This sign may not coincide with real weather phenomena. So in the north of Russia, geese fly to warmer climes in mid-September, and snow can fall much earlier. Let's say the first snow in Norilsk this year fell on August 25th. In the south, geese fly to warmer climes at the end of October, and sometimes even at the beginning of November. The first snow in these areas may occur around this time. But it all depends on the weather conditions in autumn. Indian summer here can last throughout October.

VIDEO: Geese gather in flocks to fly south

Magpie

He bears not only the title of rattler and thief, but also the smartest bird. Only magpies recognize themselves in the mirror, not considering them to be other birds. Birds recognize people by their face and figure, like domestic dogs.

The magpies themselves are also not averse to being tamed. In captivity, birds learn to count and adapt to cleaning their cages. To do this, magpies use children's shovels, pieces of cardboard, and rags given to them by their owners. Magpies' intellectual abilities are attributed to the size of the cognition region in their brains. The area is as voluminous as that of a person.

While there were no scientific explanations for the mind of forty, mystical ones were selected. In the 19th century, for example, Metropolitan Alexei forbade white-sided people from approaching Moscow. The priest believed that witches flew to the capital under the guise of birds. Magpies feed on whatever they have to, and can both prey and consume vegetation. Omnivorousness and intelligence are a duet that allows magpies to survive even in harsh winters.

Magpies do not like to change their habitats and are even easily tamed by people

Which bird from the order Galliformes is migratory?

A migratory bird from the order Galliformes is the quail . The quail's habitat extends beyond Russia in the west and south. In the east, these birds live up to the western coast of Lake Baikal. They are widespread in Europe, Western Asia and Africa.

Quail habitat

For the winter they fly south. And they winter in Hindustan, Northern Africa and South-West Asia.

Bluethroat

The bluethroat is a sparrow-sized bird with a blue spot on its chest with a bright red edging. It is observed throughout Russia. Settles along rivers in bushes. It makes nests from blades of grass on the ground, in piles of branches. The eggs are incubated by the female and the chicks are fed by both parents. After 2 weeks, the babies leave the nest and are fed by their parents for another week.

It feeds on insects and larvae, which it collects on the ground or tree branches. In autumn, berries are added to the menu.

At the end of summer, bluethroats fly singly to Africa and South Asia.

Rice. 2. Bluethroat.

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what birds winter in Russia: central Russia

Klintukh

It belongs to the order Pigeonidae and outwardly differs little from city pigeons. However, the clintuh lives in light forests, and not in the industrial jungle. The feathered bird settles in the hollows of large trees. Therefore, the young growth of oak trees does not suit the pigeon. The bird looks for forests with powerful trunks.

Clints nest in hollows. Eggs are laid upon arrival from warm regions. Intolerance to cold is another difference from ordinary pigeons.

Klintukha can be confused with a dove due to its strong resemblance to it

Yellow-headed wren

The only thing smaller than it is the hummingbird. The bird has a yellow crest on its head that resembles a crown. This association prompted the name of the feathered king. It doesn't look like a king, because it's the size of a dragonfly. The weight of the bird is about 7 grams.

Kinglets live in coniferous forests. Unlike hummingbirds, Russian dwarf birds tolerate harsh climates. Even in winter, kinglets manage to find insects and their larvae. A bird eats as much food per day as it weighs.

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Tiemaker

A small bird with a white breast and beige back walks along sandy beaches near bodies of water. The bird's beak is orange with a black tip. They use it to catch worms, mollusks, and beetle larvae in the coastal zone.

With a body length of approximately 20 centimeters, the collared fish weighs 40-80 grams. You can meet the bird in the tundra and forest-tundra of Russia. In the fall, tie-tailed fish go to the south of Asia, America or Africa.

Nuthatch

The bird has a bluish back and a white belly. The sides of the bird are red with black stripes. The paws have curved sharp claws. With them, nuthatches dig into tree trunks, quickly and deftly moving along them. The bird is looking for hidden insects and their larvae. The nuthatch’s sharp, long beak allows them to get them in winter. The bird uses it to explore every crevice in the bark.

Nuthatches prefer to settle in oak forests. Where oak trees do not grow, birds choose parks with deciduous plantings. Nuthatches look for trees with hollows, settling in them. If the entrance to the house is wide, it is coated with clay. Nuthatches do this work in the warm season.

Nuthatches prefer to survive the cold by nesting in tree hollows.

Crane

Appeared earlier than most birds. The crane family is more than 60,000,000 years old. Representatives of 15 species survived to the 21st century.

Cranes settle near swamps and fields cultivated by people. At the latter, birds feast on grains and seeds, and in reservoirs they catch frogs, fish, and drink.

Flocks of migratory birds south , lining up in a wedge. It is led by the strongest cranes. The flapping of their powerful wings creates upward air currents that help weaker, younger individuals fly.