Pekingese - features of sexual development and education

Are you the happy owner of an affectionate girl dog? In that case, you should know everything about estrus in dogs. This natural phenomenon is called pustovka by dog ​​breeders. Estrus signals that the animal’s body is ripe for mating, as well as for bearing offspring. This is a favorable period for pregnancy. The animal needs special care and attention during emptying. Let's talk about these nuances.

This is something a beginner needs to know about how long the empty space lasts.

The emptying is divided into 4 stages:

• Proestrus is the first 7-10 days. The female's genital loop swells and a bloody secretion is released. She is not yet ready for mating - the egg has not descended into the uterus. Although the excitement in her behavior is already noticeable, she does not yet allow the opposite sex to approach her.
• Estrus - ovulation occurs, the secretion becomes transparent or disappears. Now the bitch is ready for mating, which she makes clear to the male dogs through her behavior. Conception usually occurs during these 5-12 days.
• Metestrus - 8-10 days of the cycle, during this period the discharge gradually disappears.
• Anestrus is a time of calm. The ovaries stop the active phase and go into “sleep mode”. They remain in this state from 1 month to 2 years.

How many days the heat lasts and how much time passes between them depends on the habitat. For street dwellers, it appears once a year (this is called monocyclicity). Frequency is associated with adaptation to the environment. The most favorable period for conception is late winter, because newborn puppies will have enough time to get stronger before the cold weather arrives.

Pets are characterized by polycyclicity (up to 3 times a year), because they do not depend on natural conditions and can allow them to reproduce more often.

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The first heat in some animals occurs as early as six months, but this period can be later—one and a half years. It is the shortest, has blurred manifestations and can pass unnoticed by the owner of the animal. You need to try to prevent this from happening in order to study the cycle for future matings.

When does a dog's first heat start?

In females, puberty occurs at the age of approximately 7 months - 1.5 years (depending on whether the dog is a small or large breed), and is expressed by the fact that the female begins to shed heavily.

The first heat, unlike the next ones, is the shortest. Often only a weak manifestation of it is noted, the so-called hidden empty space is a slight discharge of blood, which attracts little male dogs.

In young bitches who are close to puberty, there is a possibility of false estrus; therefore, allowing mating, estrus can suddenly be interrupted without ovulation. But after a few days, the bitch can go into heat again and this time with ovulation. Signs of a female dog being in heat are bloody discharge from the loop, which makes her attractive to male dogs.

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First time with small breeds

So how long does heat last in small breeds?
The first heat in small breeds (Bolognese, Welsh Terrier, Mudi, Pekingese, Pinscher, etc.) usually occurs earlier than in others - at 6-8 months. But this does not mean that maturation is complete. After the first such manifestations, the pet is not bred - they do it the second or third time: the bitch reaches the desired weight, she will establish a clear cycle. This rule applies to all breeds.

The emptying lasts from 2 to 3 weeks with an interval of up to 12 months, which depends on the breed and heredity. Small dogs have about 10 cycles during their life.

Owner behavior

The owners can know that the process has begun by the behavior of all the dogs in the walking area. From now on, owners must follow a number of measures that will save them from unnecessary consequences.

1. The animal will only have to be walked on a leash, and if it shows signs of aggression, it will have to be muzzled. Even if there is no one around, you cannot let the girl off the leash. A bitch in heat stops responding to commands and can simply run away. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly control the leash and literally not let her out of sight.
2. You can also reschedule walks to a time when there are the fewest fellow tribesmen on the site and reduce the walking time.
3. During estrus, it is better not to walk small breeds at all, but to use a cat litter box or diaper.
4. Carpets can be rolled up during heat. Even if the dog carefully takes care of itself and does not stain the bedding, the unpleasant odor lingers on the soft surfaces for a long time. You can put special underpants on your dog; they come in any size.

It is also easier for the owner of a male dog to put him on a leash in time than to later catch up with him and drag him away.

In conclusion, it must be emphasized that the signs of female dogs in heat are easily identified, and the actions of the owners do not imply anything other than special attention and control.

Knowing and following these simple rules will preserve the health of animals and save their owners not only nerves, but also money.

The first heat in miniature dogs can occur at 6-8 months, in the largest ones - at 12-16. It does not last long and the amount of discharge is minimal. Subsequent ones occur every six months to a year. The frequency depends on the size of the animal.

The first in large pets

The first heat in large breeds (Great Dane, German Shepherd, Rottweiler, etc.) occurs in the 8-16th month of life.
With age, in large breeds its duration increases: if at 2 years it passes on average in 20 days, then by 5 years this period increases to 22 days, which is not observed in small and medium-sized breeds.

Large breeds, like medium ones, have about 20 cycles during their lives. Mating is allowed no earlier than 24-30 months.

Métis

The results of crossing Pekingese with representatives of the Chihuahua breed are interesting.

Pekingese and Chihuahua mixes can be born with the appearance of one breed, or be more similar to the second. The positive side of this union is the better health of the offspring.

Due to long selection, the health of high-breed animals is weakened, and the local offspring turn out to be more hardy and unpretentious. Breeding such mestizos is rarely done, since the puppies are not an acquired taste.

As you already understand, breeding dogs is not a simple matter, but a complex, but very exciting activity.

Remember that your pet, its unhealthy offspring and the possible owners of these puppies will pay for your frivolity.

Duration, number of days for bitches

Below are data on the duration of emptying for some well-known breeds.

• Yorkshire Terrier - 14-21 days (longer in young individuals);
• German Shepherd - 18-20 days;
• Labrador - 20-22 days;
• Chihuahua - up to 21 days;
• Dachshund - 20-23 days;
• Pekingese - up to 21 days.

False heat and other surprises for a beginner

Young bitches have false empty spots.
It is so called because there are all external manifestations, except for the main thing - ovulation. This condition is not dangerous. Sometimes it is interrupted for several days and then resumes, but now with ovulation. There are hidden (dry, white) estrus. The difference is that follicles are formed in the normal manner and eggs are released. There are no external signs - a swollen genital loop, blood secretion. Dry heat is not a deviation; a female dog can still become pregnant and produce a healthy litter.

Prolonged discharge is a cause for concern. If they are observed for longer than 30 days, contact your veterinarian. This is all the more necessary to do if yellowish or greenish inclusions appear in the secretion, decreased appetite, or increased body temperature.

Often, new dog breeders, due to lack of knowledge, cannot distinguish estrus from diseases. The dog is ready to mate 1-2 times a year, and the rest of the time any discharge is an anomaly.

How to care for a dog

During the entire period, the owner must take care of the safety and hygiene of the pet. In case of uncontrolled behavior, it is recommended to contact a dog handler.

Owner's help

Due to the increased vulnerability to infections, try to protect your pet from hypothermia and communication with other animals. Keep your walks short and always use a leash.

For restless behavior accompanied by lethargy and whining, gently palpate the abdomen. If the animal squeals in pain, give it an antispasmodic. Remember to consult with your veterinarian regarding the choice of drug and its dosage.

Behavior adjustment

During the emptying period, remove carpets from the floor and try to train your pet not to sit on textiles. Do not delay this, as obedience gradually deteriorates.

In case of uncontrolled behavior, veterinarians advise increasing the number of games and walks. This will reduce aggression and improve your mood. During the cold season, be sure to wear overalls to prevent catching a cold.

The most effective way to correct behavior is to take a sedative based on herbal ingredients. It has a good effect and is safe for the body. Before use, consult a veterinarian to rule out an allergic reaction to the herbs contained in the composition, and inquire about the dosage.

Hygiene products

To prevent blood stains, purchase disposable panties. Veterinarians advise wearing them while sleeping, traveling in public transport or walking. This protects against leaks and infections in the genitals. The rest of the time the animal must lick itself independently.

Drugs to reduce sexual activity

Hormonal drugs designed to reduce sexual activity are dangerous when used for a long time. They cause hormonal imbalance, provoke the development of cancer and infertility. If you are not breeding the breed, choose sterilization.

Signs of heat

How does estrus manifest itself? You can determine when a dog is in heat by its behavior, and it changes significantly. The female becomes more active, becomes overly playful and may ignore commands. This is all the result of a hormonal surge. Among the main signs of estrus are:

• The dog begins to sit down to urinate more often (it marks its territory so that potential suitors are aware that it is ready to accept advances);
• Bloody discharge oozes from the noose;
• She often licks the area under her tail;
• The bitch begins to flirt with the males, they show active interest;
• Estrus is preceded by molting.

At first, dogs do not allow members of the opposite sex to approach; they may even show aggression when courtship is too intrusive; their body is not yet ready for mating.

After one and a half to 2 weeks, the structure of the dog’s discharge changes; it will look like yellowish mucus. During this period, the female feels a strong sexual desire, especially if she notices males nearby, her tail moves to the side, and her body takes the stance necessary for sexual intercourse. The loop increases significantly in size.

The bitch can remain in this excited state for 5 to 7 days. If the owner wants to breed a dog, then he must mark these days. The right time for mating animals is between the 9th and 17th days, less often on the 21st. Everything is individual and depends on the breed of the pet.

Process steps

Let's consider all successive stages.

1. Proestrus. This is the first stage of emptying, it is also called the forerunner. The approximate duration is from a week to ten days. During this time, the maturation of the eggs occurs. Due to high levels of estrogen, blood flow in the uterus and vulva increases. Due to increased blood flow, the uterine capillaries burst, mucus and clots are expelled. The discharge at this stage is bloody, and closer to the end of proestrus it becomes lighter. The vulva (loop) swells but remains stiff. The dog has frequent urination. Bloody drops or smears may be visible in the urine and on the litter. The animal becomes excitable, can mark territory and show aggression towards other females. As proestrus progresses, she begins to flirt with male dogs, but does not allow mating. The end of the period approximately coincides with the moment of ovulation.
2. Estrus. The second stage lasts about a week. During estrus, the eggs are completely ready for fertilization. The discharge becomes pink-yellow and transparent. The loop swells as much as possible and becomes soft. The bitch's behavior clearly signals her readiness for mating. When meeting a male dog, she falls on her front paws with her tail pulled to the side, tightens the noose and takes a characteristic pose, encouraging the mounting. The second to fifth day of estrus is most suitable for mating.
3. Metestrus. The beginning of the third phase is usually counted from the moment when the bitch stops allowing male dogs. Metestrus lasts from a week to 20 days. At this time, estrogen levels return to normal, and progesterone levels rise. As a result, signs of a false pregnancy may occur. The physiology of the pet gradually returns to normal, the swelling of the loop and discharge disappear. Metestrus smoothly transitions into anestrus - a time of sexual rest, which will last until the next emptying period. With age, the anestrus period becomes longer.

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It should be emphasized that these data are averaged. A dog is a living organism, and the physiological processes described above cannot be repeated with automatic accuracy. Deviations of 2-4 days in any direction are considered normal.

The exact periods of pregnancy and ovulation can only be determined through laboratory research.

In cases where estrus is significantly delayed or does not stop for more than a month, if there is purulent discharge, or the bitch does not recover from the state of false pregnancy on her own, an examination by a veterinarian is necessary. If obtaining offspring is not part of the owners' plans, castration is indicated after complete recovery.

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Step-by-step passage of heat

The entire animal cycle is divided into 4 stages:

1. Proestrus (or called proestrus). Duration 1-1.5 weeks. At this time, the process of blood circulation in the genital area increases significantly, the loop swells, and the first, initially scanty, bloody discharge appears. During this period, the dog is not yet ready for mating; ovulation has not yet occurred. But external signs are already evident - she becomes playful, may not obey the owner, and run away. When walking, he spends more time sniffing out the surroundings and constantly crouches down to leave marks. Males are already experiencing increased interest; when trying to copulate, the bitch growls and snarls.
2. Estrus (active sexual hunting). During this period of time, more precisely the first 2 days, the process of ovulation occurs. But the bitch can keep the gentlemen away for a few more days. A little later, when she sees a potential suitor, the female raises the back of her body, tightens the noose and moves her tail to the side to facilitate the penetration process. She freezes and patiently waits for action from the male dog. The discharge from the loop will vary; normally, the appropriate period for mating occurs when it is light pink or disappears completely. The vulva swells significantly.
3. Metaestrus (the final stage of estrus). The duration of this period is several days. The discharge stops, the noose returns to its previous size, and the bitch again does not allow gentlemen to approach her. If fertilization does not occur, then the female again becomes calm. The dog still experiences hormonal changes - the level of progesterone increases, which is not without reason called the pregnancy hormone. This happens regardless of whether the female becomes pregnant or not. This condition becomes the cause of such a phenomenon as false pregnancy, which mostly passes without outside help and consequences.
4. Anestrus (phase of sexual tranquility). The duration of this stage is approximately 100-150 days and allows the animal’s body to recover before the next heat.

The frequency of estrus varies among dogs due to several associated factors. For example, in domestic dogs it happens 2 times a year - in autumn and at the end of winter. Sometimes flow is limited to once a year.

Dogs that are kept outdoors, pets from the north, breed once a year in early spring to give birth to puppies in the warmer months.

Pekingese mating

As the puppy grows, it changes, becoming more and more like an adult dog every day. But many owners note changes in the dog’s appearance also in the postpartum period. With the end of the lactation period, the bitch changes her coat: it becomes thicker, shiny and beautiful. The musculoskeletal system also changes, the dog becomes larger, the gait acquires a stately character. The dog, as they say, “blooms.”

Typically, the Pekingese's first heat occurs in the first year of life. At this time it is forbidden to breed a bitch. All organs and systems of her body should become stronger and grow to normal sizes. Taking a risk, you can get premature puppies with a lot of diseases.

the best time for the first crossing the age of 1.5 -2 years, but preferably no later than 3 years. Late mating has its complications. These include false (phantom) pregnancy. This pathology is hereditary. The dog behaves as if pregnant, sometimes milk is released. The bitch can even set up a nest using various objects as puppies. When such a situation develops, the dog is given an injection of hormones, and if symptoms recur frequently, the dog is sterilized.

How to avoid mating

This question is most often asked by owners of dogs who do not plan to breed. But it is not alien to people who keep breeding dogs, because an unplanned mating will be an unpleasant surprise.

The main condition is to keep an eye on the dog while walking, do not let it off the leash and do not allow strangers to get too close.

You can purchase a special product at veterinary pharmacies or pet stores that eliminates the odor that attracts male dogs. It is used to treat the back of the pet’s body before each walk.

Preparing Pekingese for mating

Before mating, its owner must determine the purpose of breeding. If the owner needs puppies exclusively for sale, absolutely any dog ​​that has not been castrated can be used for crossing But if a breeder wants to get healthy, beautiful offspring for procreation, it is necessary to approach the matter more thoroughly.

First, you need to take care of the health of the bitch, carefully track the pedigree, desirable and undesirable qualities that may appear in a future litter. Only after this can you look for a male dog.

When looking for a Pekingese male for mating, it is necessary to clarify the results of previous matings . If traits important to the breeder were passed on to puppies with different females, that male should be preferred. Externally, he should be superior in conformation to the Pekingese bitch. How much it costs to breed Pekingese is not a clear-cut question. Candidates for crossing should not be too cheap , otherwise you can doubt the quality of the partners.

Care features

On the eve of the first estrus, the female may experience discharge from the loop, juvenile vaginitis containing a small amount of pus. There is no need to worry, this phenomenon is normal. Everything will return to normal as soon as the heat passes. If this does not happen, then it is worth undergoing an examination to identify various pathologies.

To make the estrus period more hygienic (especially for estrus in dogs kept in an apartment), you can purchase elastic panties for one-time use. They will prevent your dog from leaving bloody spots around the house. But still, you should not wear them all the time; veterinarians advise allowing the female to remove the discharge on her own by licking it.

During the first heat, the dog may not understand how to behave, so it is worth teaching it to remove spots. And to do this you need to remove carpets and rugs from the floor.

During the period of heat, the dog requires care:

• You should avoid long walks in winter to prevent your pet from catching a cold;
• There is no need to take her out to places where other dogs gather;
• Walks are strictly on a leash.

If suddenly it was not possible to prevent an unwanted mating, then it is forbidden to give the dog drugs to help terminate the pregnancy. This will cause significant health problems for the pet, which lead to infertility in the dog.

An important factor is keeping the dog during heat. If you do not plan to breed a dog and get puppies from her, at the first sign of estrus you need to start taking precautions:

• Keep a close eye on your dog while walking and avoid all contact with dogs of the opposite sex.
• Walk your dog on a short leash: even the most well-mannered and docile pet can run away during heat, not paying attention to any commands.
• Do not allow your dog to mate - it is impossible to separate the animals during intercourse.
• Do not take your dog while in heat to competitions or shows. This will cause anxiety among the male dogs present at the show. During heat, a dog does not respond well to commands and can be disobedient.

Mating day action plan

• 12 hours before mating it is recommended not to feed the dog;
• You should not wash your Pekingese as it will leave the smell of the anal glands. Without such a smell, a male may not regard the bitch as a mating partner ;
• Before the trip, you need to give the dog plenty of time to walk outside. The owner needs to ensure that his pet takes care of all natural needs.
• To consolidate the result, coating is usually carried out twice , with an interval of 1-2 days;
• Sometimes the dog becomes aggressive in unfamiliar surroundings. It is necessary to bring the Pekingese to the dog extremely carefully. We must not forget about possible eye damage, a bite or scratch;
• It is better not to carry out the so-called “dating ritual”. The male Pekingese wastes his strength, which may be needed during mating . The crossing process requires a lot of energy. Pekingese can sometimes faint. Therefore, during mating it is necessary to monitor the condition of the pet. If possible, it is better to interrupt dogs for a while;
• usually bred on high, flat surfaces such as a table. The owner of a female Pekingese must restrain her during covering;
• mating time does not affect the result. More important is the precise definition of the day for breeding dogs;
• The process of fertilization in the language of breeders is called a lock. During this process, owners need to monitor the dogs' behavior to avoid genital injury. The key point is getting the sperm into the bitch’s vagina. After some time, the vaginal muscles relax and the male can be removed;
• after one or two days mating repeated for a more reliable result.

By carefully selecting a male dog and thinking through the mating process, the Pekingese owner will receive a beautiful and healthy generation of puppies, an easy pregnancy and childbirth.

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No heat

With good general health and the state of the reproductive and hormonal systems, the first estrus occurs at the established normal times and then repeats with a certain cyclical regularity. If the dog is older than 18 months, and the first heat has not come, you should consult a veterinarian to find out the reason for this delay.

Reasons for delay/absence of first heat:

• Poor living conditions, improper or insufficient feeding;
• Violation of hormonal regulation of the reproductive system;
• Congenital disorders in the development and structure of the genital organs;
• Ovarian dysfunction (hypofunction, lack of appropriate hormones during the appropriate period);
• Dysfunction of the pituitary gland and/or thyroid gland;
• Tumors and/or other neoplasms, cysts of the pelvic organs or on the ovaries;
• Endocrine pathologies;
• Chronic inflammatory processes in the uterus;
• Hermaphroditism (for example, when underdeveloped testes are found instead of ovaries).

Choice of male

Breeders always strive to choose a sire who will be superior to the female in some respects.

And this is the right desire. Why deliberately spoil the quality of future offspring by mating with a low-quality male?

It is important that the male not only has an ideal body structure, but is also able to pass on these data to his offspring.

And it’s even better when the puppies obtained from him surpass their father. Experienced dog breeders value these males more than winners of prizes and a lot of titles.

It is necessary to make sure that the future father is in absolute health and whether he has any genetic diseases.

Therefore, it is worth delving carefully into his pedigree and finding out as much information as possible about the health status of his parents and the puppies previously produced from him.

In order to make future births as easy as possible, they try to allow small males to be mated. But, this becomes the main source of difficulties during mating.

It is physically difficult for a medium-sized male to impregnate a female larger than himself. Therefore, dogs often need the help of their owner or instructor.

How to avoid the difficulties of estrus

To cope with the symptoms of estrus in dogs, breeders and dog owners advise using drugs to regulate sexual heat.

Drugs from the CounterSex Neo brand are hormonal drugs for regulating sexual desire and preventing unwanted pregnancy in case of accidental mating.

Many breeders and dog owners use CounterSex Neo for the following reasons:

1. High efficiency. With the help of CounterSex Neo drugs, it is possible to effectively correct a dog’s behavior, solve problems of aggression, marks in dogs during heat; prevent unwanted pregnancy.
2. Safety. CounterSex Neo is a new generation bihormonal drug. The drug is safe due to the minimal content of 2 modern active ingredients.
3. Convenience. The drug CounterSex Neo is available in the form of drops and tablets. Each owner can choose the most comfortable form of the drug for his dog, in which it will be convenient for him to give the drug to the animal.

General condition of the bitch

You can understand that a dog is in heat either using a special calendar or based on the symptoms it exhibits. The first option is more reliable, but is completely unsuitable for determining the first void.

Behavior

A dog's behavior before going into heat manifests itself in different ways. Some show aggression, others show excessive friendliness, and others show apathy. Such states are individual, but rarely coincide with the usual state of the pet. If you notice the first behavioral changes, do not forget to check the physiological ones. Only together do they indicate the onset of menstruation.

Physiological changes

Physiological symptoms of estrus in a dog are manifested in loss of appetite, deviation of body temperature from normal and the appearance of urinary incontinence. Eternally hungry animals begin to refuse their favorite food or finickyly dig into the bowl, throwing out some of the food.

There is an increase in body temperature within 0.5°C. Frequent urination occurs due to increased estrogen levels, which reduce the number of nerve cells in the bladder sphincter. As a result, the valve ceases to fulfill its role of containing urine.