The ancestors of the Jack Russell Terrier appeared in Great Britain in the 6th century, and for a long time were actively used for hunting foxes, badgers and rats. In the mid-19th century, the English priest John (Jack) Russell appreciated the intelligence and courage of these dogs, first describing the standard of the new breed.
Over time, the craze for hunting became a thing of the past, but the Jack Russell, thanks to its lively character and compact size, has by no means lost its former popularity.
This breed appeared in Russia only in the late 90s, so its representatives are still quite rare and are highly expensive.
Another important aspect is that Jack Russells need a patient and energetic owner who can appreciate the activity of this cheerful dog.
What does a Jack Russell Terrier mix look like: popular types and descriptions of similar breeds
The ancestors of the Jack Russell Terrier appeared in Great Britain in the 6th century, and for a long time were actively used for hunting foxes, badgers and rats.
In the mid-19th century, the English priest John (Jack) Russell appreciated the intelligence and courage of these dogs, first describing the standard of the new breed. Over time, the craze for hunting became a thing of the past, but the Jack Russell, thanks to its lively character and compact size, has by no means lost its former popularity. This breed appeared in Russia only in the late 90s, so its representatives are still quite rare and are highly expensive.
Another important aspect is that Jack Russells need a patient and energetic owner who can appreciate the activity of this cheerful dog.
Pros and cons of the breed
Like every breed, these dogs have advantages over other hunting dogs that instill fear in their prey. But this breed also has disadvantages , which you should not forget about when you take a dog into your home.
Advantages:
- Small stature. Due to their small size, these dogs are suitable for living both in a country house and in a cramped apartment. Not every hunting dog can live within close four walls. And not every owner will take a large dog into their home. But with these terriers it is much simpler - they are adapted both for life on the street and for life in a home environment.
- Good character. Most dogs of this breed have a very kind disposition. But do not forget that all dogs are individual, and that a dog, even a good breed, can still pose a threat to humans. But in most cases, Jack Russell Terriers adore both their owners and others around them. They love human attention and are ready to do anything to get a share of affection and care. You can safely take them into the house and not be afraid for the health of your children.
- Activity. Dogs bred for hunting simply cannot help but be active and restless. They love playing outdoors. They love to run and jump. You won't get bored with such a dog.
- Hunter. Jack Russell Terriers are excellent hunters. There are people who buy this breed to take them with them to the forest for hunting. Sometimes dogs of this breed exterminate rats in country houses.
- They learn quickly . Despite their disobedient and hooligan disposition, these terriers are well trained and soon understand commands perfectly. Dogs are smart and not lazy, and for the sake of their owner’s praise and tasty treats they are ready to do a lot.
- Good relationships with other animals. If you already have a dog or a cat living at home, or maybe another animal altogether, you don’t have to worry about the behavior of the terrier. He gets along with pets, sometimes even makes friends with them and stays close to them.
- Unpretentious in care. It is necessary to comb the fur sometimes so that it does not get tangled and looks cute.
Disadvantages of the breed:
- Short stature. If you purchase this breed of dog only for hunting, then most likely you will be dissatisfied with this purchase. Due to its small stature, a terrier will not be an excellent hunter, ready to tear its prey to pieces. Here we need a bigger and more massive dog.
- Excessive playfulness. Jack Russell Terriers are active dogs that constantly require attention. To get it, they are ready to do a lot. When you bring such a dog into your home, be prepared for constant noise. The terrier, in the hope of attracting you to him, will bark, run a lot, jump and spin around you. Due to their activity, terriers can break something in the house.
- Loud barking. These dogs have a loud and sonorous voice. You should be prepared for complaints from neighbors. The barking becomes especially loud when people unfamiliar to the dog come to visit. In this way she shows her distrust of uninvited guests.
- An active lifestyle is required . With such a dog you need to walk a lot, and not be at home all the time. The terrier requires an active lifestyle, which cannot be led if the animal is constantly confined to four walls. Be sure to take your dog out for a walk and frolic in the fresh air more often.
Important! Before purchasing a dog of this breed, weigh all the pros and cons to make sure it is right for you.
Popular types of Jack Russell mixes
Today there are many Jack Russell mixes, and each of them has interesting features and a unique appearance.
The most popular of them are shown in the photo below.:
- Jackshund – a cross between a Jack Russell terrier and a dachshund;
- Yorkie Russell – a cross between a Jack Russell and a Yorkshire terrier;
- Jackabee - a cross between a Jack Russell and a Beagle;
- Jack Chi - a cross between a Jack Russell Terrier and a Chihuahua;
- Cojack – a cross between Corgi and Jack Russell;
- Jackpoo is a cross between a poodle and a Jack Russell.
Dachshund and Jack Russell mix
Jackshund fully displays all the characteristic features of his parents. This is a small dog with excellent hunting qualities and inexhaustible energy.
Dog weight: 7-13 kg; height: 20-33 cm . The average life expectancy is from 12 to 16 years.
The Jackshund gets along well with other animals if socialized properly.
This is a very sociable creature that does not tolerate loneliness and prolonged absence of the owner..
However, Jackshunds know how to be unobtrusive, understand when the owner should not be disturbed, and even show some independence. It must be remembered that these qualities cannot be abused, so as not to spoil the character and nervous system of the pet.
Other common diseases are: hip dysplasia, eye and skin diseases, and a predisposition to all kinds of allergic reactions.
Also, the future owner must be prepared for the active shedding of his pet, which can become a big problem, despite his short fur..
Another important aspect is the destructive energy of the Jackshund, which can only be curbed by long and active walks.
This dog is not easy to train, although it has a lively mind and intelligence.
Dog handlers recommend reducing training time, but increasing their number.
This allows you to better hold your pet's attention.
How to distinguish a dachshund puppy from a crossbreed?
At the time of purchasing a puppy, dachshunds are most often shown with their mother. Based on its appearance, you can form an opinion about the future appearance of the puppy. The second parent of the dachshunds is indicated in documents or simply named verbally. You can distinguish purebred dachshunds by several characteristics:
- brand on the ear or stomach;
- proportional, well-fed, dense physique;
- Brown eyes;
- scissor bite;
- pink tongue;
- rounded ears;
- back without deflections;
- the tail is straight, continuing the line of the back;
- the color is darker than that of adult dachshunds;
- nose, claws black;
- absence of white and light markings on the coat, “socks” or “shirtfront”.
Jack Russell and Yorkie mix
The Yorkie Russell is a charming small dog (up to 30 cm at the withers), covered with long, soft hair of various colors (from brown-black to black-white-brown).
She has a friendly and fearless character and easily gets along with people and animals.
The Yorkie Russell is excellent for keeping in a city apartment, but does not tolerate cold climates very well..
Also, the future owner should be prepared for the fact that this dog requires increased attention. If she lacks communication with her owner, she will immediately report this with a loud howl and the most destructive behavior.
Leaving her alone for a long time is out of the question.
Yorkies, like all Jack Russell mixes, need regular exercise.
You will have to devote a lot of effort to caring for your pet’s fur, as it often gets tangled and very dirty during walks.
In addition to possible genetic diseases, Yorkies often suffer from dental diseases.
Regular teeth cleaning is recommended (2-3 times a week).
With proper care and comfortable living conditions, the life expectancy of a Yorkie can reach 12-16 years..
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The Toy Terrier is a small decorative dog, an ideal companion and companion for lovers of “toy” dogs.
Despite its small stature, the animal is recognized throughout the world due to its charming appearance, centuries-old history of fighting against rats and insects, and its courageous and fearless character.
The popularity of these dogs has led to the emergence of a large number of their varieties. We will talk about them in our article - you will get acquainted with their names and find out what their characteristics and features are.
Mix of Toy Terrier and Jack Russell
Jack Toy is a very sociable and hardy dog of miniature size (up to 26 cm at the withers).
She will be a wonderful friend for children and a faithful companion for an owner leading an active lifestyle.
Overall, this is a very balanced breed.
However, the Jack Toy needs proper education and regular training. This dog, despite its decorative nature, has a bright temperament and an amazing ability to be cunning.
The Jack Toy owner will have to pay special attention to caring for the pet’s teeth and eyes . They are often exposed to all sorts of diseases characteristic of this breed.
Tell us about other popular Jack Russell crosses
Jack-chi
This is a designer dog known for its playful and loving nature.
The Jack Chi is poorly adapted to cold climates and is considered exclusively a lap dog . At the same time, we must not forget about his ebullient energy and desire to dominate.
These qualities make training a Jack Chi difficult and require a lot of patience and perseverance from the owner. Otherwise, the pet’s character quickly deteriorates, nervousness and many unpleasant habits appear.
The Jack Chi is prone to dental disease and all sorts of skin and coat problems . However, with constant and proper care, these problems can be avoided.
Kojek
A cute cross between a Corgi and a Jack Russell Terrier, amusingly combining the appearance of both parents. He is very loyal to all family members and animals, affectionate and tireless in communication.
Does not tolerate loneliness well, shows great anxiety when separated from the owner.
This dog is not prone to loud barking or whining, but is often stubborn.
This dog just loves to learn new tricks and travel.
Her incredible activity constantly requires movement, new experiences and games..
Jackpoo
A charming designer dog up to 25 cm tall at the withers and weighing up to 12 kg. It has a long wavy coat that requires serious care.
Jackpoo is easy to care for and quite easy to train..
This is an affectionate and very curious dog that needs exciting walks and a variety of games. Feels great in a large active family with children and pets.
Often such mestizos have serious health problems (epilepsy, hypothyroidism, joint dysplasia) . Therefore, you need to take your choice of breeder seriously. In general, the Jackpu has good health and can live remarkably well up to 13-15 years.
Common features
All the main types of toy terriers have one thing in common - they are small decorative “pocket” dogs that are exclusively a companion and friend to humans. Suitable for living in warmth and comfort, at home.
IMPORTANT!
During the cold season, all tois must be worn when going outside.
Common features are also:
- thin slender legs;
- compact body with a strong and straight back;
- active, playful character;
- obedient animal, trainable, undemanding;
- loyal to the owner, can warn of danger;
- friendly, but can show aggression when strangers appear and are treated rudely;
- fragile, like all dwarf dogs, needs constant attention.
What dog breeds are similar?
Parson Russell Terrier
Until 2001, the Parson Russell Terrier had the same standard as the Jack Russell. These dogs have the same origin, which explains their similarity to each other.
However, now these are completely different breeds with different standards.
The Parson Terrier is higher at the withers and has a more square body outline; Parson's legs are more elongated .
This dog has excellent hunting qualities, but has a more conflicting nature.
Parsons often show aggression towards other animals and strangers.
They adapt to urban living conditions somewhat more difficult than Jack Russells..
Smooth Fox Terrier
A small but very powerful dog (height - up to 39 cm at the withers, weight - up to 8 kg).
It has a muscular but compact build and a dense, straight coat with brown and black spots.
The Fox Terrier is an active, friendly and sociable pet, sometimes quite stubborn . Needs constant attention, new experiences and frequent walks.
What kind of dogs are called mestizos?
Mixed breeds are dogs that have purebred parents in their genes. Crossbreeding is carried out by professional breeders; they use animals with good pedigree. Experts are constantly experimenting with genetics, trying to create a breed with improved qualities.
Mixed dachshund and toy terrier
Metis began to be actively bred in the 80s of the 20th century. The task was to get a friendly companion dog with hypoallergenic coat. Nowadays, breeds are mixed to get a dog with strong immunity, which is formed in puppies with different genes. A cross between breeds has a more flexible character and less rancor.
Despite the fact that gene mixing has been practiced for several decades, mixed breeds are not recognized by the International Canine Federation. To establish a designer breed, it is necessary to breed it for several generations in a row.
Interesting! The wool of mestizos does not cause allergies.
Popular types of mestizos
Mixed breeds are a fairly common type of dog these days. This is a great way to get yourself a pet that has the blood of two noble breeds. The Toy Terrier has also been crossed with other animals.
The most popular mestizos of this breed are traditionally:
Chihuahua mix
These puppies look like both of their parents, but there are pros and cons to keeping them.
The advantages include:
- low cost. In general, mixed breeds usually cost much less than purebred dogs;
- Dogs take on the best traits from their parents. Therefore, they are playful, affectionate and loyal;
- adapts to new conditions much better and faster than representatives of the breeds of its parents.
But there is also one major disadvantage - you will never know in advance what the dog will look like. Only genes will play a role here. This mixture can remain a baby, or it can grow into a three-kilogram dog.
You will be lucky if the muzzle of a grown-up hybrid turns out not to be shortened, but elongated, like that of a toy. This is also a definite plus, because due to the structure of the skull and nose, Chihuahuas often have breathing problems. It must be remembered that these problems result in diseases of the intestinal tract and digestion.
Colors come in a variety of colors, but permanent ones can only be distinguished when the dog is one year old. Mostly it is black or brown with tan, red and sand.
Temperament is slightly different from the parent's, although mostly individual. Mestizos love to play and walk, despite their small size. They are also more lenient with children than with adults. They do not like loneliness and are picky eaters.
In general, their dimensions coincide with those of a toy terrier - 28 cm at the withers and up to 3 kg in weight . Although it happens that babies can weigh 1.5 kg, and their height will be 15-20 cm.
Species by origin (with photographs)
There are several types of toys based on country of origin. Let's look at the most common ones.
Russian
It is considered a relatively young breed; the species was officially registered in 2006. The breed itself appeared in the Russian Empire back in the 1800s and is still popular today.
The Russian Toy Terrier as a species was bred in the USSR in the 50s.
Unlike its predecessor, the English Toy, the Russian has a more compact size - up to 26 cm tall and weighing 2-3 kg.
There are dogs with smaller parameters, they are called dwarf or “mini” terriers (height 20 cm, weight 1.5 kg).
Common features inherent in the Russian look:
- long, thin paws;
- intelligent appearance, intelligent and attentive look;
- small head with an elongated muzzle and strong jaws;
- bulging eyes;
- pointed ears;
- high-set tail;
- used only as a decorative dog-friend and companion;
- the character is most often playful, cheerful, active and courageous;
- sometimes the dog can be arrogant and can bark for no reason, he needs to be weaned off this;
- strong attachment to the owner, constant demand for attention;
- a protective dog, does not like strangers, warns the owner about the presence of strangers by barking;
- ideal for apartment living;
- can relieve himself in the tray, frequent walks are not necessary;
- prone to hypothermia, in the cold season it is necessary to dress your pet;
- life expectancy up to 14 years.
Russian Toychiki are constant companions of glamorous ladies and social evenings.
In Moscow in 1957, the Moscow Toy Terrier was bred on the basis of the Russian breed, and it is distinguished as a separate species.
Distinctive features of the species:
- elegant appearance;
- long, shiny coat (up to 5 cm);
- pointed muzzle;
- toned torso;
- hanging ears with fringe;
- In addition to standard colors, the color can be light gray or red with any impurities.
NOTE!
Sometimes the long-haired Russian Toy Terrier is called Chinese due to the high prevalence of this species in China, the organization of frequent exhibitions and the active work of breeders in propagating the breed. In general, it is not much different from the Russian toy.
English
The English species is the ancestor of the breed. This is a smaller copy of the Manchester Terrier with all the qualities inherent in terriers - agility, intelligence, courage and loyalty.
The first mention of English toy terriers was recorded in the 16th century; a full description of the breed was presented already in the 18th century. The breed was bred to hunt rats and successfully coped with its task. Later, the dog became a favorite of the aristocracy and moved into the rooms of society ladies.
It is often confused with the Russian Toy Terrier, but the two species have a huge temporary difference in origin and there are differences in external and psychological characteristics.
Let's look at the main features of the English look:
- dimensions - height from 25 to 30 cm, weight from 2.5 to 3.6 kg;
- a strong individual with a keen sense of smell and a tenacious grip;
- narrow head, elongated muzzle, erect ears;
- the coat is short, thick and close to the body;
- For purebred breeds, only black and tan color is acceptable;
- need frequent walks, love to play with their owner in the fresh air;
- dogs are loyal, faithful, but sometimes too wayward, even stubborn. Requires training starting from a very early age;
- may not get along well with young children due to their nervous nature and susceptibility to stress;
- need constant but moderate physical activity;
- On average they live 12 years.
American
This individual comes from the USA. Representatives of this species descended from the English Toy and are classified as smooth-haired dogs. The American, otherwise known as the Toy Fox Terrier, has been known since 1936, but has not yet received recognition from the Federation Cynologique Internationale.
In the blood of this variety there are such breeds as the English Toy Terrier, Smooth Fox Terrier and Chihuahua.
The main features of the American Toy:
- small sizes - height 24-25 cm and weight 1.5-3.5 kg;
- This is a strong representative of the breed, but not devoid of grace, endowed by nature with expressive black eyes, smooth shiny coat and large ears tapered upward;
- The distinctive feature of this species is its color. The body is predominantly white, while the head and tail have black and red spots;
- complex character - these pets love to dominate;
- characterized by hyperactivity and playfulness;
- need frequent walks and active games;
- this type of toy is practically not susceptible to genetic and chronic diseases inherent in dwarf dogs;
- life expectancy is about 14 years.
Japanese
The Japanese Toy Terrier is an extremely rare species, or rather an endangered one. It can hardly be seen at exhibitions even in his homeland.
This variety is also called Nihon Terrier and Oyuki Terrier. The second one is also called pocket, as it has miniature dimensions.
Distinctive features of representatives of the species:
- large size compared to other toys - height 30-35 cm, and weight reaches 4-6 kg;
- distinctive three-color color - the body is white and the head is black-brown;
- The Japanese terrier is distinguished by cleanliness, a companionable disposition, and attentiveness;
- excitable, active disposition;
- small pointed head, narrow flat forehead, oval, dark eyes;
- the coat is dense, short, thick;
- the most fearless of all in appearance, if necessary, he immediately rushes into battle;
- loves the whole family, without singling out any one;
- is easy to train and can even perform tricks;
- needs private active games;
- Life expectancy is on average 10-12 years.
German
Full name: German Jagdterrier.
This breed of dog is similar in some external characteristics to the English Toy Terrier, but the huge difference is that these individuals are not used as decorative companions, but as a hunting type of dog. They are much larger in size than toys, their height is 30-40 cm, and their weight is up to 10 kg.
Dachshund mix
Puppies of these breeds grow up to be quite unpredictable. You can never guess which parent they will be like. Most often they inherit short legs from the dachshund, and the color is standard black and tan, although there may be exceptions.
Such dogs are always short-haired. The position of the ears also cannot be guessed, but only in rare cases do they stand up, like in toy terriers. Basically they are in a hanging position, which indicates the predominance of dachshund genes. The body of the mestizo may be slightly elongated, but not critical. Often this feature does not manifest itself at all.
What does the standard look like?
A breed standard is traits, a set of characteristics that are inherent in all types of individuals of a certain breed of dog, which allow us to judge the purebred of an individual dog.
The following standards exist for the Toy Terrier breed:
- the dog is distinguished by its elegance and graceful, lean physique;
- a prominent forehead, expressive eyes and erect, pointed ears are characteristic features of the breed;
- parallel hind legs, set wider than the front legs. Small and neat front paws;
- representatives of the breed are aristocratic in movement, have a short stride;
- thin, low-set tail;
- in the classic version, the toy terrier is a short-haired dog, but there are also long-haired individuals, as a rule, their hair is wavy and there is a distinctive fringe on the ears;
- Color brown-chocolate tones or black and tan.
Jack Russell Terrier mix
These dogs are very similar to Jack Russells , only more sophisticated and graceful. In most cases, if the Jack Russell is long-haired, then most of the puppies inherit a long coat. Mixed breeds have a variety of colors - they can be white with spots, or plain.
The paws of the crossbreed are shortened, but they themselves are slightly larger in the shape of a toy terrier. In this case, the Jack Russell genes turn out to be largely dominant.
Dogs have a hyperactive character. They need to walk and play a lot, otherwise they start trashing the house. This hybrid loves children and does not offend them. But hypertrophied nervousness and fear of loneliness can pass from a toy to a dog, although this rarely happens.
Dogs in general turn out to be cheerful, active and very loyal. Due to their activity, you should not let them off the leash until you are sure that the dog will not go anywhere.
This hybrid has the habit of digging holes and also gnawing on various objects lying on the floor. To keep him occupied for a while and protect his furniture and belongings, you will need to spend a long time educating him, and also stock up on a large assortment of toys.
They are slightly larger in size than Jack Russells. Their height is about 30-32 cm, and their weight is about 4 kg.
Due to hyperactivity, many breeders do not breed such mixed breeds. Recently, the demand for them has subsided.
Character and training
The Parson Russell dog is friendly and active, cheerful and affectionate. He works hard and always completes the task assigned by his owner, sparing no effort. He treats people, including strangers, neutrally if he does not see a threat to the family posed by them. He strives to dominate dogs, provoking conflicts, and chases cats and rodents, succumbing to hunting instincts. Requires socialization from three months.
In training, he is stubborn - he follows only those commands that he considers necessary. Quality typical of all terriers.
See also: English Foxhound
The terrier is friendly with children and enjoys active games. But you should not get a dog if there is a child under three years old in the house - the dog can scare him with a loud, unexpected bark.
Maltese mix
These mixed-breed dogs are very cute in appearance, and their character is the most compromising of all the declared mixed-breed dogs.
Adult dogs have long hair and are very similar in appearance to Yorkshire terriers. The color of Toy Terriers is dominant, but white spots on the coat still remain in most cases. Most often in the muzzle area, on the chest and paws.
The dogs are very friendly and affectionate in nature and are good with children. They inherited gullibility from lapdogs, so when walking you should be very careful and monitor what your pet is doing.
Despite their friendliness, the crossbreed can be very touchy. She will never tolerate it if you suddenly start yelling at her or even accidentally touch her and hurt her. You will have to beg for forgiveness with affection or treats for a very long time.
Among the features of care, only timely combing of the coat is distinguished. In this mestizo, it can be quite long, which is why unsightly tangles can form, and the fur can also become matted from dirt and dust.
They do not differ in size from other mestizos - height is about 30 cm and weight on average is 3-3.5 kg.
Description of the breed
Now there are about 60 types of terrier dogs.
The most common ones are:
- Russian;
- English;
- American (Toy Fox Terrier).
In turn, the Russian toy also has two types:
- Russian smooth-haired;
- Moscow longhair.
The sizes of all species are small - dogs grow to a maximum of 30 cm and weigh up to 3 kg. The toy parameters of your pet allow you to take it with you on trips, keep it in small apartments and not worry about the cleanliness of your home. For the dog's needs, a small tray or diaper will be sufficient.
The appearance of these pets is sometimes compared to an alien. This comparison was facilitated by the pointed muzzle, large pointed ears, prominent forehead and slightly protruding, inquisitive eyes.
According to the body structure, usually all toys have long thin legs, a slender body with dry muscles, and according to the type of coat there are smooth-haired and long-haired.
The character of the breed deserves special attention. After all, it combines characteristics that are usually not suitable for small dogs. The Toy Terrier is playful, very active, at the same time friendly and, as a rule, not aggressive. But at the same time, a representative of this breed is an ardent defender of his owner, fearless and courageous. Although, due to its size, it will not be able to injure or eliminate the offender, it is quite capable of warning its owner about the danger.
What breeds are similar to the Toy Terrier?
Many small breeds look alike at first glance. If you are not satisfied with the Toy Terrier's character, then you can choose someone who is similar in appearance but has a different temperament.
Here are dogs that are similar in appearance to toy:
When choosing a dog, base it primarily on its temperament. It should completely suit you and your rhythm of life.
Types by coat type
According to the type of coat, all toy terriers are divided into two large groups - smooth-haired and long-haired. As a rule, Russian Toys have long-haired representatives.
Smooth-haired
Today this is the most common and popular type and does not require additional care for the cover.
The fur of representatives of the species is short, but thick, dense, evenly distributed over the body. The cover is velvety with a noble tint.
Longhair
The length of the fur of these individuals reaches up to 5 cm. A distinctive feature is also the presence of fringe on the ears, which gives them a special charm. The muzzle area and the front parts of the paws are covered with short hair.
There is a variety of colors of this type:
- black;
- chocolate;
- ginger;
- platinum.